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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Автор Марк Твен
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Дата написания1970-01-01
Язык книгиen
Возрастное ограничение12+
Жанры
детская прозадетские приключениязарубежные детские книгизарубежная классика
Темы
американская литературадетская классикаамериканская классика

Описание

Хакелберри Финн бежит от общественных ограничений, встречает и освобождает раба Джима, и вместе они преодолевают опасности и моральные дилеммы, путешествуя по реке и в городах. Их приключения раскрывают темы свободы, дружбы и борьбы с предрассудками.

Главный конфликт / проблема

Борьба Хакелберри Финна за свободу и моральную свободу в обществе, где его ценности противоречат законам и ожиданиям.

Ключевые идеи

  • Стремление Хакелберри к свободе и отвержение «цивилизации»
  • Влияние Тома Сойера и формирование банды разбойников
  • Конфликт с отцом Папом и попытки вернуть контроль
  • Выживание в дикой природе и умение использовать природные ресурсы
  • Сложные отношения между свободой и рабством, а также моральные дилеммы
  • Сила дружбы и взаимопомощи в трудных обстоятельствах
  • Слухи о убийстве Хака и подозрение в виновности беглого негра Джима.
  • Бегство Хака от жестокого фермера и поиск убежища у дяди Абнера Моора.
  • Семейные тайны и конфликт «февр» между кланами Shepherdson и Grangerford.
  • Важность дружбы и взаимопомощи в опасных обстоятельствах.
  • Плавание по реке как символ свободы от земных конфликтов.
  • Важность обмана и маскировки для выживания в опасном мире

Вывод

Книга показывает, что свобода и мораль требуют смелости, дружбы и готовности к жертвам, и что даже в условиях несправедливости можно найти путь к справедливости.

Кому полезна

  • Любители классической литературы
  • Подростки и взрослые, интересующиеся историей и моральными вопросами
  • Учителя и студенты, изучающие американскую литературу

Главные темы

  • Свобода и общественные ограничения
  • Дружба и моральные дилеммы
  • Борьба с предрассудками и несправедливостью

Персонажи

  • Хак Финн — Бесстрашный и находчивый, стремится к свободе и безопасности для себя и Джима, а также к поддержке группы. Стремится к свободе, сталкивается с моральным конфликтом и внутренними противоречиями. Молодой мальчик, который отказывается от правил и пытается жить по своим убеждениям, ищущий свободу и приключения, вынужденный выживать в дикой природе.
  • Jim — Бывший раб, который рассказывает о попытках убежать и о том, как оказался на острове. Тихий, но решительный, ищет безопасный путь к свободе и помогает группе в путешествии. Цель спасения Хака Смиренный и верный, но стремится к свободе.
  • Том Сойер — Молодой и креативный, он организует тайный лагерь и клятву. Смелый и находчивый, готовый помочь. Творческий и иногда чрезмерно идеалистический, но всегда готов к действию.
  • Аунт Салли — Сомневающаяся, но любящая мать. Строгая, но заботливая, часто подозрительна к чужим действиям.
  • Пап Финн — Пап использует силу и угрозы, чтобы вернуть Хакелберри к себе.
  • Вдова Дуглас — Она пытается научить Хакелберри правилам и порядку, но он не принимает их.
  • Капитан — Пытается поймать Хака после пушки.
  • Король — Покрыт чёрными одеждами, стремится к благополучию и поддержке сообщества, а также использует притязания для обмана. Имеет большую сумму, которую Хак планирует украсть.
  • Дюк — Хитрый, использует притязания для обмана и выгоды. Согласен с королём, но в итоге пытается удержать деньги.
  • Shepherdson family — Добросердечная семья, которая даёт Хаку одежду, еду и убежище.
  • Miss Sophia — Считается, что она собирается выйти замуж за Harney Shepherdson.
  • Harney Shepherdson — Молодой человек, связанный с февром.

Цитаты

  • «Я не могу больше жить в доме, где всё так строго и без свободы»
  • «Том сказал, что мы будем брать всё, что хотим, и никто не будет знать, как это делается»
  • "Look sharp, now; the current sets in the closest here, and maybe he's washed ashore and got tangled amongst the brush at the water's edge."
  • "I was a-going to find out who it is that's here on the island with me; I'll find it out or bust."
  • Какое у тебя имя?
  • Триста долларов – это сила денег.
  • Я ничего не хочу, сэр.
  • No; spirits wouldn't say, 'Dern the dern fog.'
  • I am the late Dauphin!
  • «I think I must say, as I'm one of the Lord's poor servants.»

Сводка по автору из Wikidata

1835–1910. Mark Twain. американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель (1835–1910)

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Annotation

Book Description Hilariously picaresque, epic in scope, alive with the poetry and vigor of the American people, Mark Twain's story about a young boy and his journey down the Mississippi was the first great novel to speak in a truly American voice. Influencing subsequent generations of writers — from Sherwood Anderson to Twain's fellow Missourian, T.S. Eliot, from Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner to J.D. Salinger — Huckleberry Finn, like the river which flows through its pages, is one of the great sources which nourished and still nourishes the literature of America.

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAPTER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XII.

CHAPTER XIII.

CHAPTER XIV.

CHAPTER XV.

CHAPTER XVI.

CHAPTER XVII.

CHAPTER XVIII.

CHAPTER XIX.

CHAPTER XX.

CHAPTER XXI.

CHAPTER XXII.

CHAPTER XXIII.

CHAPTER XXIV.

CHAPTER XXV.

CHAPTER XXVI.

CHAPTER XXVII.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

CHAPTER XXIX.

CHAPTER XXX.

CHAPTER XXXI.

CHAPTER XXXII.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

CHAPTER XXXV.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

CHAPTER XL.

CHAPTER XLI.

CHAPTER XLII.

CHAPTER THE LAST

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

NOTICE

PERSONS attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.

BY ORDER OF THE AUTHOR, Per G.G., Chief of Ordnance.

EXPLANATORY

IN this book a number of dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri negro dialect; the extremest form of the backwoods Southwestern dialect; the ordinary «Pike County» dialect; and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance and support of personal familiarity with these several forms of speech.

I make this explanation for the reason that without it many readers would suppose that all these characters were trying to talk alike and not succeeding.

THE AUTHOR.

CHAPTER I.

YOU don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied one time or another, without it was Aunt Polly, or the widow, or maybe Mary. Aunt Polly-Tom's Aunt Polly, she is-and Mary, and the Widow Douglas is all told about in that book, which is mostly a true book, with some stretchers, as I said before.

Now the way that the book winds up is this: Tom and me found the money that the robbers hid in the cave, and it made us rich. We got six thousand dollars apiece-all gold. It was an awful sight of money when it was piled up. Well, Judge Thatcher he took it and put it out at interest, and it fetched us a dollar a day apiece all the year round

—more than a body could tell what to do with. The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn't stand it no longer I lit out. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. But Tom Sawyer he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be respectable. So I went back.

The widow she cried over me, and called me a poor lost lamb, and she called me a lot of other names, too, but she never meant no harm by it. She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldn't do nothing but sweat and sweat, and feel all cramped up. Well, then, the old thing commenced again. The widow rung a bell for supper, and you had to come to time. When you got to the table you couldn't go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her head and grumble a little over the victuals, though there warn't really anything the matter with them,-that is, nothing only everything was cooked by itself. In a barrel of odds and ends it is different; things get mixed up, and the juice kind of swaps around, and the things go better.

After supper she got out her book and learned me about Moses and the Bulrushers, and I was in a sweat to find out all about him; but by and by she let it out that Moses had been dead a considerable long time; so then I didn't care no more about him, because I don't take no stock in dead people.

Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldn't. She said it was a mean practice and wasn't clean, and I must try to not do it any more. That is just the way with some people. They get down on a thing when they don't know nothing about it. Here she was a-bothering about Moses, which was no kin to her, and no use to anybody, being gone, you see, yet finding a power of fault with me for doing a thing that had some good in it. And she took snuff, too; of course that was all right, because she done it herself.

Her sister, Miss Watson, a tolerable slim old maid, with goggles on, had just come to live with her, and took a set at me now with a spelling-book. She worked me middling hard for about an hour, and then the widow made her ease up. I couldn't stood it much longer. Then for an hour it was deadly dull, and I was fidgety. Miss Watson would say, «Don't put your feet up there, Huckleberry;« and «Don't scrunch up like that, Huckleberry-set up straight;« and pretty soon she would say, «Don't gap and stretch like that, Huckleberry-why don't you try to behave?» Then she told me all about the bad place, and I said I wished I was there. She got mad then, but I didn't mean no harm. All I wanted was to go somewheres; all I wanted was a change, I warn't particular. She said it was wicked to say what I said; said she wouldn't say it for the whole world; she was going to live so as to go to the good place. Well, I couldn't see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldn't try for it. But I never said so, because it would only make trouble, and wouldn't do no good.

Now she had got a start, and she went on and told me all about the good place. She said all a body would have to do there was to go around all day long with a harp and sing, forever and ever. So I didn't think much of it. But I never said so. I asked her if she reckoned Tom Sawyer would go there, and she said not by a considerable sight. I was glad about that, because I wanted him and me to be together.

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