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Дата написания1970-01-01
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Of course, the observer who really wishes to become an astronomer will not rest satisfied by learning only the principal stars shown in these maps. By means of the regular star-maps, such as those of my School Star Atlas, he will be able to explore the depths of all the constellations, having once learned their position and general appearance from the accompanying maps. It will be well for the student to remember that the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn will at times appear among the constellations here shown. Venus and Jupiter can always be recognized by their superior light, Mars and Saturn by the steadiness with which they shine. The almanac will always show when these planets and Mercury (often very bright in the clear skies of America) are above the horizon, and where they are situate. They never appear except among the zodiacal constellations.

For particulars and pictures of the different constellations, and other details associated with the study of the star-groupings, the reader is referred to my "Easy Star Lessons," published like the present maps by Messrs. Putnam's Sons. I have to thank the proprietors of the Scientific American for permission to publish these maps, which originally appeared (though in a slightly different form) in the pages of that excellent magazine. The Latin names of the constellations included in the maps of this series are as follows:

THE LITTLE BEAR, Ursa Minor (α, the Pole Star; β, γ, the Guardians).

THE DRAGON, Draco (α, Thuban).

KING CEPHEUS, Cepheus.

THE LADY IN THE CHAIR, Cassiopeia.

THE CHAMPION, Perseus (β, Algol, remarkable variable).

THE CHARIOTEER, Auriga (α, Capella).

THE GREATER BEAR, Ursa Major (α, β, the Pointers).

THE HUNTING DOGS, Canes venatici (α, Cor Caroli).

QUEEN BERENICE'S HAIR, Coma Berenices.

THE HERDSMAN, Boötes (α, Arcturus).

THE NORTHERN CROWN, Corona Borealis.

THE SERPENT, Serpens.

THE KNEELER, Hercules.

THE LYRE, Lyra (α, Vega).

THE SWAN, Cygnus (α, Arided; β, Albireo).

THE WINGED HORSE, Pegasus.

THE CHAINED LADY, Andromeda.

THE TRIANGLES, Triangula.

THE RAM, Aries.

THE BULL, Taurus (α, Aldebaran; η, Alcyone, the chief Pleiad).

THE TWINS, Gemini (α, Castor; β, Pollux).

THE CRAB, Cancer (the cluster between γ and δ is the Beehive).

THE LION, Leo(α, Regulus).

THE VIRGIN, Virgo (α, Spica).

THE SCALES, Libra.

THE SERPENT-HOLDER, Ophiuchus.

THE EAGLE, Aquila (α, Altair).

THE DOLPHIN, Delphinus.

THE WATER CARRIER, Aquarius.

THE FISHES, Pisces.

THE SEA MONSTER, Cetus (ο, Mira, remarkable variable)

THE RIVER, Eridanus.

THE GIANT HUNTER, Orion (α, Betelgeux; β, Rigel).

THE LESSER DOG, Canis Minor (α, Procyon).

THE SEA SERPENT, Hydra (α, Alphard).

THE CUP, Crater (α, Alkes).

THE CROW, Corvus.

THE SCORPION, Scorpio (α, Antares).

THE ARCHER, Sagittarius.

THE SEA-GOAT, Capricornus.

THE SOUTHERN FISH, Piscis Australis (α, Fomalhaut).

THE HARE, Lepus.

THE DOVE, Columba.

THE GREATER DOG, Canis Major, (α, Sirius).

THE SHIP, Argo.

THE CENTAUR, Centaurus.

The following table exhibits the names of all the stars of the first three magnitudes to which astronomers have given names; at least, all those whose names are in common use:

MAP I. NIGHT SKY.—DECEMBER AND JANUARY.

Stars of the first magnitude are eight-pointed; second magnitude, six-pointed; third magnitude, five-pointed; fourth magnitude (a few), four-pointed; fifth magnitude (very few), three-pointed. For star names refer to page 4.

NIGHT SKY.—DECEMBER AND JANUARY

The Great Bear (Ursa Major) is now rising well above the horizon, in the northeast, the Pointers about midway between north and northeast. A line from the Pole Star to the Guardians of the Pole is now in the position of the minute hand of a clock about 28 minutes past an hour. The Dragon (Draco) lies due north, curving round under the Little Bear, its head close to the horizon. Low down in the northwest is a part of the Swan (Cygnus). Higher up we see King Cepheus, his wife Cassiopeia, and their daughter Andromeda (the Seated Lady and Chained Lady, respectively), with the Rescuer (Perseus) nearly overhead. The Winged Horse is setting, his head close by the western horizon, and near the jar of the Water Bearer (Aquarius).

In the southwest is the Whale; and close by, the constellation Pisces, or the Fishes; above them the Ram (Aries), between which and Andromeda the Triangles can be seen.

In the south the River (Eridanus) makes now its best show. Its leading brilliant, Achernar, is, however, never seen in the United States. In the southeast the Great Dog, with the splendid Sirius ("which brightliest shines when laved of ocean's wave"), shows resplendently. Above is Orion now standing upright, treading on the Hare (Lepus) and facing the Bull (Taurus), now at its highest. The Dove (Columba) below the Hare is a modern and not very interesting constellation.

The Little Dog (Canis Minor) is on the east of Orion. In the east the Sea Serpent (Hydra) is rising, and due east a little higher we find Cancer, the Crab, (note the pretty cluster called the Beehive (Prœsepe)); above are the twins (Gemini), and above them the Charioteer (Auriga), with the bright Capella, nearly overhead.

The Lion is rising in the northeast, his heart star Regulus (α) being low down a little north of east.

Lastly, due north, high up, the absurd Giraffe (Camelopardus) stands proudly on his ridiculous head.

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