Diagram of double harelip, with projecting bone:—a, central piece of lip, dotted lines showing incision; b, projecting bone bearing teeth, which are generally small and stunted.

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108

Diagram of operations on the jaws:—a, incision for removal of the whole upper jaw; b, incision for removal of alveolar portion and antrum; c, incision for removing the larger half of lower jaw; the opposite side is the one supposed to be operated on, and the incision is crossing the symphysis and turning up at a right angle.

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109

Operative Surgery, p. 265.

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110

Lancet, July 1, 1865.

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111

Temporary compression of the facial can be easily managed, in cases where it is of much importance to avoid loss of blood, by passing a needle from the outside through the skin above the vessel, then under the vessel, and out again through the skin below. A figure-of-eight suture can then be thrown round both ends of the needle, and the artery thus thoroughly compressed.

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112

Syme, Contributions to the Path. and Practice of Surgery, p. 21; Carnochan of New York, Cases in Surgery.

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113

Contributions to the Path. and Prac. of Surgery, pp. 23, 24.

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114

Lancet, July 1, 1865.

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115

Rough diagram of operation for salivary fistula:—a, section of cheek close to buccal orifice; b, section of zygoma, muscles, etc.; c, the duct of the parotid; d, the fistulous opening of the cheek; E E, the thread knotted inside the mouth; f, the palate.

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116

Lancet, Feb. 4, 1865.

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117

Med. Times and Gazette for Feb. 10, 1866.

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118

Lancet, April 20, 1872.

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119

Transactions International Medical Congress, 1881, vol. ii. p. 460.

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120

Gross's Surgery, vol. ii. p. 472.

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121

Langenbeck, Archiv, ii. p. 657.

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122

Med. Chir. Trans. for 1867-8.

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123

Diagram of staphyloraphy, chiefly to illustrate the passing of the threads:—a, the first thread; b, the second. The dotted line at edge of fissure shows amount to be removed; the other dotted lines showing size and position of the incision through the mucous membrane above.

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124

Holmes's Surgery, vol. ii. pp. 504-513.

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125

Edinburgh Medical Journal for Jan. 1865, Mr. Annandale's instructive paper on "Cleft Palate."

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126

Diagram of fissure of hard palate:—a, anterior palatine foramina; b, posterior palatine foramina with groove for artery; c, incisions requisite to free the soft structures.

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127

Holmes's Diseases of Children, p. 555.

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128

Leçons sur la Trachéotomie, p. 10.

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129

Rough diagram of larynx and trachea:—A, crico-thyroid space, laryngotomy; B B, dotted outline of thyroid isthmus and lobes, defines the upper and lower positions for tracheotomy; C, thyroid—D, cricoid cartilages; E, dotted outline of thymus gland in child of two years; F F, outline of clavicles and jugular fossa.

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130

Surgical Observations, p. 335. See also Harrison On the Arteries, vol. i. p. 16.

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131

Leçons sur la Trachéotomie, p. 9.

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132

Lectures on Surgery, 3d ed., vol. ii. p. 900.

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133

Clinical Surgery in India (1866), p. 143.

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134

Mr. John Wood, Path. Soc. Trans., vol. xi. p. 20.

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135

South's Chelius, vol. ii. p. 400; and case recorded by Spence, in Ed. Med. Journal, for August 1862.

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136

Med. Chir. Transactions of London, 1872.

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137

British Med. Journal (Nos. 643, 644), 1873.

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138

Gross's Surgery, 6th ed., vol. ii. p. 342.

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139

Guy's Hospital Reports for 1858.

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140

Both in Guy's Hospital Reports, second series, vol. ii.

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141

Edinburgh Medical Journal for June 1866.

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142

Description of Sir Spencer Wells's Trocar.—"It consists of a hollow cylinder six inches long, and half an inch in diameter, within which another cylinder fitting it tightly plays. The inner one is cut off at its extremity, somewhat in the form of a pen, and is sharp. The sharp end is kept retracted within the outer cylinder by a spiral spring in the handle at the other end, but can be protruded by pressing on this handle when required for use. When thus protruded it is plunged into the cyst up to its middle; the pressure on the handle is taken off, and the cutting edge is retracted within its sheath. The fluid rushes into the tube, and escapes by an aperture in the side, to which an india-rubber tube is attached, the end of which drops into a bucket under the table. The instrument is furnished at its middle with two semicircular bars, carrying each four or five long curved teeth like a vulsellum. These teeth lie in contact with the outer surface of the cylinder, but can be raised from it by pressing two handles. When the cyst begins to be flaccid by the escape of the fluid, these side vulsellums are raised, and the adjoining part of the cyst is drawn up under the teeth, where it is firmly caught and compressed against the side of the tube."

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