Jądro ciemności

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А также краткое содержание, главные мысли, конфликт, темы, персонажи, цитаты и ответы на вопросы.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":{"@id":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9#work"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/42ec9180-1079-11e7-9b47-0cc47a5203ba/thumbs/1200.webp"}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Book","@id":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9#work","name":"Jądro ciemności","url":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9","description":"Jądro ciemności jest opowiadaniem poruszającym dyskusyjną kwestię kolonializmu, którą Conrad miał okazję poznać empirycznie podczas wizyty w Kongo.Utwór uważany jest za arcydzieło, jedno z ważniejszych w dorobku twórców literatury angielskiej. Na język polski został przetłumaczony przez Anielę Zagórską, kuzynkę pisarza.Joseph Conrad w dość młodym wieku, nie kończąc szkoły, wyjechał do Francji, gdzie został marynarzem. Osiadł w Anglii, by rozpocząć tam działalność literacką, a rok później (w 1895 roku) wydać pierwszą powieść – Szaleństwo Almayera. Jego twórczość uznawana jest za wybitną ze względu na obecność pierwiastków romantycznych i pozytywistycznych.","image":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/42ec9180-1079-11e7-9b47-0cc47a5203ba/thumbs/1200.webp","inLanguage":"pl","genre":["литература 19 века","мифы / легенды / эпос"],"keywords":"рассказы","sameAs":["https://litres.ru/book/dzhozef-konrad/jadro-ciemnosci-23528850/"],"author":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://bookra.app/author/459c14b6-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322#person","name":"Джозеф Конрад","url":"https://bookra.app/author/459c14b6-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322","sameAs":["https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%2C_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82925"]}],"about":[{"@type":"Thing","name":"литература 19 века"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"мифы / легенды / эпос"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"рассказы"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"чтение онлайн"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"саммари"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"AI-разбор"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"персонажи"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"цитаты"}],"workExample":{"@type":"Book","@id":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9#edition","url":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9","bookFormat":"https://schema.org/EBook","inLanguage":"pl","sameAs":["https://litres.ru/book/dzhozef-konrad/jadro-ciemnosci-23528850/"],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"potentialAction":{"@type":"ReadAction","name":"Читать бесплатно онлайн «Jądro ciemności»","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://bookra.app/books/350gP2g9","actionPlatform":["https://schema.org/DesktopWebPlatform"]},"expectsAcceptanceOf":{"@type":"Offer","category":"nologinrequired"}}}}],"book":{"idCatalog":762175,"shortId":"350gP2g9","title":"Jądro ciemności","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/42ec9180-1079-11e7-9b47-0cc47a5203ba/thumbs/1200.webp","annotationText":"Jądro ciemności jest opowiadaniem poruszającym dyskusyjną kwestię kolonializmu, którą Conrad miał okazję poznać empirycznie podczas wizyty w Kongo.Utwór uważany jest za arcydzieło, jedno z ważniejszych w dorobku twórców literatury angielskiej. Na język polski został przetłumaczony przez Anielę Zagórską, kuzynkę pisarza.Joseph Conrad w dość młodym wieku, nie kończąc szkoły, wyjechał do Francji, gdzie został marynarzem. Osiadł w Anglii, by rozpocząć tam działalność literacką, a rok później (w 1895 roku) wydać pierwszą powieść – Szaleństwo Almayera. 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[przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:3","kind":"heading","text":"2"},{"id":"contentnotes0:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"reja – poziome drzewce, u dołu którego mocowany jest żagiel. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:6","kind":"heading","text":"3"},{"id":"contentnotes0:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"bak – górny pokład w dziobowej części statku. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:9","kind":"heading","text":"4"},{"id":"contentnotes0:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"derka – gruby koc. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:12","kind":"heading","text":"5"},{"id":"contentnotes0:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"buchalter (daw.) – księgowy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:15","kind":"heading","text":"6"},{"id":"contentnotes0:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"Drake, Francis (1540–1596) – angielski kaper (licencjonowany pirat), żeglarz i polityk brytyjski, jako pierwszy Anglik opłynął kulę ziemską. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:18","kind":"heading","text":"7"},{"id":"contentnotes0:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"Franklin, John (1786–1847) – brytyjski admirał, badacz Arktyki, zginął w trakcie nieudanej ekspedycji badawczej. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:21","kind":"heading","text":"8"},{"id":"contentnotes0:22","kind":"paragraph","text":"Złota Łania – statek, na którym sir Francis Drake opłynął świat. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:23","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:24","kind":"heading","text":"9"},{"id":"contentnotes0:25","kind":"paragraph","text":"„Ereb” i „Terror” – statki zaginione razem z całą arktyczną ekspedycją sir Johna Franklina. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:26","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:27","kind":"heading","text":"10"},{"id":"contentnotes0:28","kind":"paragraph","text":"wystawić (daw.) – wyobrazić. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:29","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:30","kind":"heading","text":"11"},{"id":"contentnotes0:31","kind":"paragraph","text":"tryrema – trirema, starożytny okręt wojenny z trzema rzędami wioseł. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:32","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:33","kind":"heading","text":"12"},{"id":"contentnotes0:34","kind":"paragraph","text":"concertina – odmiana akordeonu. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:35","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:36","kind":"heading","text":"13"},{"id":"contentnotes0:37","kind":"paragraph","text":"falerneńskie wino – wino z okolic Neapolu. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:38","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:39","kind":"heading","text":"14"},{"id":"contentnotes0:40","kind":"paragraph","text":"prefekt – urzędnik rzymski. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:41","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:42","kind":"heading","text":"15"},{"id":"contentnotes0:43","kind":"paragraph","text":"poruczyć (daw.) – powierzyć. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:44","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:45","kind":"heading","text":"16"},{"id":"contentnotes0:46","kind":"paragraph","text":"pryncypał (daw.) – zwierzchnik. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:47","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:48","kind":"heading","text":"17"},{"id":"contentnotes0:49","kind":"paragraph","text":"do miasta, które przypomina mi zawsze pobielany grób – prawdopodobnie mowa tu o Brukseli. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:50","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:51","kind":"heading","text":"18"},{"id":"contentnotes0:52","kind":"paragraph","text":"surdut – rodzaj dwurzędowej marynarki, popularnej na przełomie XIX i XX w. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:53","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:54","kind":"heading","text":"19"},{"id":"contentnotes0:55","kind":"paragraph","text":"dzierżyć (daw.) – trzymać. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:56","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:57","kind":"heading","text":"20"},{"id":"contentnotes0:58","kind":"paragraph","text":"wyraził uznanie dla mojej francuszczyzny – Conrad wielokrotnie podkreśla, że bohaterowie opowieści Marlowa rozmawiają ze sobą po francusku. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:59","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:60","kind":"heading","text":"21"},{"id":"contentnotes0:61","kind":"paragraph","text":"bon voyage (fr.) – dobrej podróży. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:62","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:63","kind":"heading","text":"22"},{"id":"contentnotes0:64","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ave! […] Morituri te salutant (łac.) – Witaj… pozdrawiają cię idący na śmierć (tradycyjny okrzyk gladiatorów na widok cesarza). [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:65","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:66","kind":"heading","text":"23"},{"id":"contentnotes0:67","kind":"paragraph","text":"skwapliwość – ostentacyjna gotowość a. pośpiech. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:68","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:69","kind":"heading","text":"24"},{"id":"contentnotes0:70","kind":"paragraph","text":"kraj mój – mowa o Belgii, której król, Leopold II (1835–1909), władał również Wolnym Państwem Kongo, prowadząc tam rabunkową gospodarkę i ludobójczą politykę. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:71","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:72","kind":"heading","text":"25"},{"id":"contentnotes0:73","kind":"paragraph","text":"tej wspaniałej kolonii – mowa o Wolnym Państwie Kongo, funkcjonującym w latach 1885–1908. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:74","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:75","kind":"heading","text":"26"},{"id":"contentnotes0:76","kind":"paragraph","text":"adieu (fr.) – do widzenia (dosł.: z Bogiem). [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:77","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:78","kind":"heading","text":"27"},{"id":"contentnotes0:79","kind":"paragraph","text":"good-bye (ang.) – do widzenia. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:80","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:81","kind":"heading","text":"28"},{"id":"contentnotes0:82","kind":"paragraph","text":"Du calme, du calme (fr.) – spokojnie, spokojnie. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:83","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:84","kind":"heading","text":"29"},{"id":"contentnotes0:85","kind":"paragraph","text":"krotochwila (daw.) – żart. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:86","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:87","kind":"heading","text":"30"},{"id":"contentnotes0:88","kind":"paragraph","text":"katakumby – podziemne korytarze, w okresie wczesnochrześcijańskim często spełniające funkcje cmentarzy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:89","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:90","kind":"heading","text":"31"},{"id":"contentnotes0:91","kind":"paragraph","text":"mangrowce – namorzyny, roślinność przybrzeżna. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:92","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:93","kind":"heading","text":"32"},{"id":"contentnotes0:94","kind":"paragraph","text":"ujście wielkiej rzeki – mowa o rzece Kongo. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:96","kind":"heading","text":"33"},{"id":"contentnotes0:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"siedziba rządowa – Boma, stolica Konga Belgijskiego. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:99","kind":"heading","text":"34"},{"id":"contentnotes0:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"członki (daw.) – kończyny. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:102","kind":"heading","text":"35"},{"id":"contentnotes0:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"powodować (daw.) – kierować. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:105","kind":"heading","text":"36"},{"id":"contentnotes0:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"filantropijny – miłosierny. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:108","kind":"heading","text":"37"},{"id":"contentnotes0:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"dla (daw.) – w celu. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:111","kind":"heading","text":"38"},{"id":"contentnotes0:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"zdrenować – (o glebie) wysuszyć, odprowadzając nadmiar wody. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:114","kind":"heading","text":"39"},{"id":"contentnotes0:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"inferno (wł.) – piekło. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:117","kind":"heading","text":"40"},{"id":"contentnotes0:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"mór – zaraza. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:119","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:120","kind":"heading","text":"41"},{"id":"contentnotes0:121","kind":"paragraph","text":"buchalter (daw.) – księgowy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:122","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:123","kind":"heading","text":"42"},{"id":"contentnotes0:124","kind":"paragraph","text":"asocjacja – skojarzenie. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:125","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:126","kind":"heading","text":"43"},{"id":"contentnotes0:127","kind":"paragraph","text":"manufaktura – tu: wyroby. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:128","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:129","kind":"heading","text":"44"},{"id":"contentnotes0:130","kind":"paragraph","text":"perkal – rodzaj cienkiego bawełnianego płótna. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:131","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:132","kind":"heading","text":"45"},{"id":"contentnotes0:133","kind":"paragraph","text":"Kurtz – wg niektórych interpretatorów nazwisko znaczące; Kurtz (niem.: krótki) miałoby być imieniem diabła z ludowych podań, podobnie jak polskie „Kusy”. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:134","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:135","kind":"heading","text":"46"},{"id":"contentnotes0:136","kind":"paragraph","text":"na tej stacji centralnej – mowa o Leopoldville (obecnie Kinszasa). [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:137","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:138","kind":"heading","text":"47"},{"id":"contentnotes0:139","kind":"paragraph","text":"tykwa – twarda okrywa owocu rośliny o tej samej nazwie, stosowana jako pojemnik na wodę. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:140","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:141","kind":"heading","text":"48"},{"id":"contentnotes0:142","kind":"paragraph","text":"funt – brytyjska miara masy, obecnie ok. 0,45 kg. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:143","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:144","kind":"heading","text":"49"},{"id":"contentnotes0:145","kind":"paragraph","text":"enuncjacja – deklaracja. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:146","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:147","kind":"heading","text":"50"},{"id":"contentnotes0:148","kind":"paragraph","text":"boy – tu: służący (dosł. ang.: chłopiec). [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:149","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:150","kind":"heading","text":"51"},{"id":"contentnotes0:151","kind":"paragraph","text":"kreton – cienka bawełniana tkanina. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:152","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:153","kind":"heading","text":"52"},{"id":"contentnotes0:154","kind":"paragraph","text":"neseser – rodzaj walizki. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:155","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:156","kind":"heading","text":"53"},{"id":"contentnotes0:157","kind":"paragraph","text":"mika – błyszczący minerał, niekiedy mylony ze złotem. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:158","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:159","kind":"heading","text":"54"},{"id":"contentnotes0:160","kind":"paragraph","text":"skroś (daw. a poet.) – przez. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:161","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:162","kind":"heading","text":"55"},{"id":"contentnotes0:163","kind":"paragraph","text":"Mefistofeles – imię diabła często pojawiające się w literaturze. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:164","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"}],"toc":[{"id":"content0:0:1","label":"Joseph Conrad Jądro 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