Избранные стихотворения и проза

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Миропонимание Уолта Уитмена — это, прежде всего «космизм», осознание бесконечности мироздания, единства человека и всего сущего с миром, его прошлым, настоящим и будущим."},{"id":"id1097:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ощущая себя человеком, вместившим вселенную, поднявшись над «повседневной житейщиной», поэт создал необыкновенно яркую, потрясающую воображение книгу, — бессмертную книгу человечества. Уитмен сам набрал её и сам напечатал. Книга вышла в июле 1855 г. под заглавием «Листья травы». Имя автора не значилось на переплёте, хотя одно из произведений озаглавлено «Поэма об американце Уолте Уитмене», и в ней читаем:"},{"id":"id1097:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Я, Уолт Уитман, сорви-голова, американец, и во мне вся вселенная…"},{"id":"id1097:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"Сохранены орфография и пунктуация издания 1944 г. — прим. верстальщика"},{"id":"id1097:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"Уолт Уитман"},{"id":"id1097:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"Предисловие"},{"id":"id1097:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"Корней Чуковский. Уолт Уитман, его жизнь и творчество"},{"id":"id1097:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"Листья травы"},{"id":"id1097:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"Песня радостей"},{"id":"id1097:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"Когда я услыхал к концу дня"},{"id":"id1097:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"Европейскому революционеру, который потерпел поражение"},{"id":"id1097:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"Если кого я люблю"},{"id":"id1097:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"О ты, за кем, бессловесный"},{"id":"id1097:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мир под морской водой"},{"id":"id1097:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ночью на морском берегу"},{"id":"id1097:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"Если бы мне было дано"},{"id":"id1097:21","kind":"paragraph","text":"Годы современности"},{"id":"id1097:22","kind":"paragraph","text":"Щедрым даятелям"},{"id":"id1097:23","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мне приснился город"},{"id":"id1097:24","kind":"paragraph","text":"Поэма изумления при виде воскресшей пшеницы"},{"id":"id1097:25","kind":"paragraph","text":"Слёзы"},{"id":"id1097:26","kind":"paragraph","text":"Читая книгу"},{"id":"id1097:27","kind":"paragraph","text":"Отвечайте мне! Отвечайте!"},{"id":"id1097:28","kind":"paragraph","text":"Европа"},{"id":"id1097:29","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мы — мальчишки"},{"id":"id1097:30","kind":"paragraph","text":"Одного я пою"},{"id":"id1097:31","kind":"paragraph","text":"Не закрывайте ваших дверей"},{"id":"id1097:32","kind":"paragraph","text":"Тебе (Первый встречный)"},{"id":"id1097:33","kind":"paragraph","text":"Пионеры! о, пионеры!"},{"id":"id1097:34","kind":"paragraph","text":"В мыслях моих проходя"},{"id":"id1097:35","kind":"paragraph","text":"Для тебя, Демократия"},{"id":"id1097:36","kind":"paragraph","text":"Когда я, как Адам"},{"id":"id1097:37","kind":"paragraph","text":"В тоске и в раздумьи"},{"id":"id1097:38","kind":"paragraph","text":"Я вижу: голый красавец-гигант"},{"id":"id1097:39","kind":"paragraph","text":"Камерадо, это — не книга"},{"id":"id1097:40","kind":"paragraph","text":"Скво"},{"id":"id1097:41","kind":"paragraph","text":"Незнакомому"},{"id":"id1097:42","kind":"paragraph","text":"Городская мертвецкая"},{"id":"id1097:43","kind":"paragraph","text":"Испания в 1873–1874 гг."},{"id":"id1097:44","kind":"paragraph","text":"Бей! бей! барабан! — труби! труба! труби!"},{"id":"id1097:45","kind":"paragraph","text":"Как штурман"},{"id":"id1097:46","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ледяной ураган, словно бритвами"},{"id":"id1097:47","kind":"paragraph","text":"Вы, преступники, судимые в судах"},{"id":"id1097:48","kind":"paragraph","text":"Песня большой дороги"},{"id":"id1097:49","kind":"paragraph","text":"Я не доступен тревогам"},{"id":"id1097:50","kind":"paragraph","text":"Заурядной проститутке"},{"id":"id1097:51","kind":"paragraph","text":"Тебе"},{"id":"id1097:52","kind":"paragraph","text":"Любовная ласка орлов"},{"id":"id1097:53","kind":"paragraph","text":"Одному штатскому"},{"id":"id1097:54","kind":"paragraph","text":"Летописцы будущих веков"},{"id":"id1097:55","kind":"paragraph","text":"Когда во дворе перед домом цвела этой весною сирень"},{"id":"id1097:56","kind":"paragraph","text":"Тому, кто скоро умрет"},{"id":"id1097:57","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ручное зеркало"},{"id":"id1097:58","kind":"paragraph","text":"Где осажденная крепость?"},{"id":"id1097:59","kind":"paragraph","text":"Однажды я проходил по многолюдному городу"},{"id":"id1097:60","kind":"paragraph","text":"Некоей певице"},{"id":"id1097:61","kind":"paragraph","text":"Отрывок"},{"id":"id1097:62","kind":"paragraph","text":"Деревенская картина"},{"id":"id1097:63","kind":"paragraph","text":"Изумление ребенка"},{"id":"id1097:64","kind":"paragraph","text":"Красивые женщины"},{"id":"id1097:65","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мысль"},{"id":"id1097:66","kind":"paragraph","text":"Вокализм"},{"id":"id1097:67","kind":"paragraph","text":"Электрическое тело пою"},{"id":"id1097:68","kind":"paragraph","text":"Песня о выставке"},{"id":"id1097:69","kind":"paragraph","text":"Ты, загорелый мальчишка из прерий"},{"id":"id1097:70","kind":"paragraph","text":"Час безумству и счастью"},{"id":"id1097:71","kind":"paragraph","text":"Песня знамени на утренней заре"},{"id":"id1097:72","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мы двое, как долго мы были обмануты"},{"id":"id1097:73","kind":"paragraph","text":"Страшное сомненье в обличьях"},{"id":"id1097:74","kind":"paragraph","text":"Запружены реки мои"},{"id":"id1097:75","kind":"paragraph","text":"Дряхлый, больной, я сижу и пишу"},{"id":"id1097:76","kind":"paragraph","text":"Когда кончается ослепительность дня"},{"id":"id1097:77","kind":"paragraph","text":"Стариковское спасибо"},{"id":"id1097:78","kind":"paragraph","text":"Песня о себе"},{"id":"id1097:79","kind":"paragraph","text":"О Капитан! мой Капитан!"},{"id":"id1097:80","kind":"paragraph","text":"Проза"},{"id":"id1097:81","kind":"paragraph","text":"Письмо к русскому"},{"id":"id1097:82","kind":"paragraph","text":"Часы для души"},{"id":"id1097:83","kind":"paragraph","text":"Молчаливый генерал"},{"id":"id1097:84","kind":"paragraph","text":"Книги Эмерсона"},{"id":"id1097:85","kind":"paragraph","text":"Демократические дали"},{"id":"id1097:86","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложения"},{"id":"id1097:87","kind":"paragraph","text":"Из англо-американских материалов об Уитмане"},{"id":"id1097:88","kind":"paragraph","text":"Тургенев и Лев Толстой о «Листьях Травы»"},{"id":"id1097:89","kind":"paragraph","text":"Уитман и Маяковский"},{"id":"id1097:90","kind":"paragraph","text":"Библиография"},{"id":"id1097:91","kind":"paragraph","text":"notes"},{"id":"id1097:92","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id1097:93","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id1097:94","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id1097:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id1097:96","kind":"paragraph","text":"5"},{"id":"id1097:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"6"},{"id":"id1097:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"7"},{"id":"id1097:99","kind":"paragraph","text":"8"},{"id":"id1097:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"9"},{"id":"id1097:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"10"},{"id":"id1097:102","kind":"paragraph","text":"11"},{"id":"id1097:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"12"},{"id":"id1097:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"13"},{"id":"id1097:105","kind":"paragraph","text":"14"},{"id":"id1097:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"15"},{"id":"id1097:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"16"},{"id":"id1097:108","kind":"paragraph","text":"17"},{"id":"id1097:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"18"},{"id":"id1097:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"19"},{"id":"id1097:111","kind":"paragraph","text":"20"},{"id":"id1097:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"21"},{"id":"id1097:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"22"},{"id":"id1097:114","kind":"paragraph","text":"23"},{"id":"id1097:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"24"},{"id":"id1097:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"25"},{"id":"id1097:117","kind":"paragraph","text":"26"},{"id":"id1097:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"27"},{"id":"id1097:119","kind":"paragraph","text":"28"},{"id":"id1097:120","kind":"paragraph","text":"29"},{"id":"id1097:121","kind":"paragraph","text":"30"},{"id":"id1097:122","kind":"paragraph","text":"31"},{"id":"id1097:123","kind":"paragraph","text":"32"},{"id":"id1097:124","kind":"paragraph","text":"33"},{"id":"id1097:125","kind":"paragraph","text":"34"},{"id":"id1097:126","kind":"paragraph","text":"35"},{"id":"id1097:127","kind":"paragraph","text":"36"},{"id":"id1097:128","kind":"paragraph","text":"37"},{"id":"id1097:129","kind":"paragraph","text":"38"},{"id":"id1097:130","kind":"paragraph","text":"39"},{"id":"id1097:131","kind":"paragraph","text":"40"},{"id":"id1097:132","kind":"paragraph","text":"41"},{"id":"id1097:133","kind":"paragraph","text":"42"},{"id":"id1097:134","kind":"paragraph","text":"43"},{"id":"id1097:135","kind":"paragraph","text":"44"},{"id":"id1097:136","kind":"paragraph","text":"45"},{"id":"id1097:137","kind":"paragraph","text":"46"},{"id":"id1097:138","kind":"paragraph","text":"47"},{"id":"id1097:139","kind":"paragraph","text":"48"},{"id":"id1097:140","kind":"paragraph","text":"49"},{"id":"id1097:141","kind":"paragraph","text":"50"},{"id":"id1097:142","kind":"paragraph","text":"51"},{"id":"id1097:143","kind":"paragraph","text":"52"},{"id":"id1097:144","kind":"paragraph","text":"53"},{"id":"id1097:145","kind":"paragraph","text":"54"},{"id":"id1097:146","kind":"paragraph","text":"55"},{"id":"id1097:147","kind":"paragraph","text":"56"},{"id":"id1097:148","kind":"paragraph","text":"57"},{"id":"id1097:149","kind":"paragraph","text":"58"},{"id":"id1097:150","kind":"paragraph","text":"59"},{"id":"id1097:151","kind":"paragraph","text":"60"},{"id":"id1097:152","kind":"paragraph","text":"61"},{"id":"id1097:153","kind":"paragraph","text":"62"},{"id":"id1097:154","kind":"paragraph","text":"63"},{"id":"id1097:155","kind":"paragraph","text":"64"},{"id":"id1097:156","kind":"paragraph","text":"65"},{"id":"id1097:157","kind":"paragraph","text":"66"},{"id":"id1097:158","kind":"paragraph","text":"67"},{"id":"id1097:159","kind":"paragraph","text":"68"},{"id":"id1097:160","kind":"paragraph","text":"69"},{"id":"id1097:161","kind":"paragraph","text":"70"},{"id":"id1097:162","kind":"paragraph","text":"71"},{"id":"id1097:163","kind":"paragraph","text":"72"},{"id":"id1097:164","kind":"paragraph","text":"73"},{"id":"id1097:165","kind":"paragraph","text":"74"},{"id":"id1097:166","kind":"paragraph","text":"75"},{"id":"id1097:167","kind":"paragraph","text":"76"},{"id":"id1097:168","kind":"paragraph","text":"77"},{"id":"id1097:169","kind":"paragraph","text":"78"},{"id":"id1097:170","kind":"paragraph","text":"79"},{"id":"id1097:171","kind":"paragraph","text":"80"},{"id":"id1097:172","kind":"paragraph","text":"81"},{"id":"id1097:173","kind":"paragraph","text":"82"},{"id":"id1097:174","kind":"paragraph","text":"83"},{"id":"id1097:175","kind":"paragraph","text":"84"},{"id":"id1097:176","kind":"paragraph","text":"85"},{"id":"id1097:177","kind":"paragraph","text":"86"},{"id":"id1097:178","kind":"paragraph","text":"87"},{"id":"id1096:0","kind":"heading","text":"Уолт Уитман Избранные стихотворения и проза"},{"id":"id1095:0","kind":"heading","text":"Предисловие"},{"id":"id1095:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Уолт Уитман стал общепризнанным классиком. Длительный период борьбы за предоставление ему почётного места в истории американской — и всемирной — словесности закончился полным триумфом поэта. Одним из очень многих свидетельств прочности и бесспорности его окончательно завоёванной славы является величественный памятник, поставленный ему недавно в Нью-Йорке. Открытие этого памятника с энтузиазмом приветствовали широкие массы Америки, причём американские писатели, выступавшие на этом торжестве, единогласно отметили могучее влияние Уолта Уитмана на передовую литературу страны."},{"id":"id1095:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"И в Соединённых Штатах, и в Англии литература о нём превратилась в беспрерывный поток. Ни об одном из тех знаменитых писателей, которые при его жизни затмевали его, не печатается в настоящее время и десятой доли того количества книг и журнальных статей, какое в последние годы посвящается всё новым исследованиям его биографии и творчества."},{"id":"id1095:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"Изучение Уитмана в нашей стране началось задолго до того, как его окончательно признали на родине. Настоящее издание является десятым изданием «Листьев травы»."},{"id":"id1095:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Все входящие в эту книгу переводы стихов заново сверены с подлинниками, многое исправлено, внесены кое-какие дополнения. Даны новые переводы стихов, не входившие ни в одно из предыдущих изданий."},{"id":"id1095:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Впервые даны образцы прозы Уолта Уитмана, причём отрывки подобраны так, чтобы представить в наиболее сконцентрированном виде разнообразие прозаических стилей писателя."},{"id":"id1095:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"В приложении к книге помещены две заметки: «Тургенев и Толстой об Уолте Уитмане» и «Уолт Уитман и Маяковский». Первая из этих заметок частично основана на неизданных материалах. Обе они представляют собою отрывки из неопубликованной работы «Уолт Уитман в русской литературе»."},{"id":"id1095:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Переводя Уитмана, я отнюдь не стремился к тому, чтобы дать буквальный подстрочник. Подобные подстрочники при переводе произведений поэзии бывают меньше всего адекватны оригинальному тексту. В буквальном переводе строки стихотворений Уитмана, и без того очень длинные, выходят по-русски чуть не втрое длиннее и теряют весь свой лаконизм, так как русские слова значительно длиннее английских и, кроме того, английский синтаксис сжимает фразу до крайних пределов, что несвойственно нашему синтаксису. Когда Уитман, например, говорит:"},{"id":"id1095:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"Fierce-throated beauty, —"},{"id":"id1095:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"нам приходится переводить описательно:"},{"id":"id1095:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"Красавец с неистовой глоткой, —"},{"id":"id1095:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"ибо нельзя же сказать: «неистово-глоточный красавец»!"},{"id":"id1095:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"И там, где у Уолта Уитмана фраза из трёх слогов:"},{"id":"id1095:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"Bat-eyed priests"},{"id":"id1095:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"(бэт-айд пристс), —"},{"id":"id1095:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"по-русски приходится ставить целых двенадцать слогов:"},{"id":"id1095:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"Священники с глазами летучих мышей."},{"id":"id1095:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"Это в четыре раза удлиняет строку и убивает весь её ударный эффект, а «летучемышеглазые священники» по-русски, к сожалению, немыслимы."},{"id":"id1095:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"Для того чтобы сделать ритмику своего перевода более близкой к ритмике подлинника, я считал необходимым жертвовать иногда некоторыми менее ценными словами и фразами, то есть делал то, что делают все переводящие поэтов стихами. Думаю, что это единственный метод, ибо при подстрочном переводе стихи Уитмана становятся прозой, нисколько не похожей на подлинник."},{"id":"id1095:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"О принципах перевода Уолта Уитмана на русский язык см. мою книгу «Высокое искусство», М., 1941, стр. 15–18."},{"id":"id1095:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"Краткий перечень книг и статей о жизни и творчестве Уитмана, которыми я пользовался при написании вводной статьи, дан в конце настоящей книги."},{"id":"id1095:21","kind":"paragraph","text":"Корней Чуковский"}],"toc":[{"id":"id1097:0:1","label":"Annotation","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1wrGC60x#reader-content"},{"id":"id1096:0:1","label":"Уолт Уитман Избранные стихотворения и проза","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1wrGC60x#reader-content"},{"id":"id1095:0:1","label":"Предисловие","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1wrGC60x#reader-content"},{"id":"id1094:0:2","label":"Корней Чуковский. 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