Судьба России

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Эти сложнейшие и острейшие вопросы Бердяев решает по-своему: проповедуя мессианизм русского народа и веруя в его великое предназначение, но одновременно отрицая приоритет государственности над духовной жизнью человека.","catalogType":"PUBLIC_DOMAIN","catalogTypeLabel":"Общественное достояние","authorLine":"Николай Александрович Бердяев","authors":[{"id":"c84847b5-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322","displayName":"Николай Александрович Бердяев","protectedUrl":"/author/c84847b5-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322","wikipediaUrl":null,"wikidataUrl":null}],"genres":[{"id":5297,"title":"русская классика","token":null,"publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/genre/5297"}],"keywords":[],"facts":[{"key":"dateWritten","label":"Дата написания","value":"1970-01-01"},{"key":"bookLanguage","label":"Язык книги","value":"ru"},{"key":"sourceLanguage","label":"Язык оригинала","value":"0"},{"key":"series","label":"Серия","value":"Русская классика"},{"key":"adult","label":"Возрастное ограничение","value":"12+"}],"seoSections":[{"key":"summaryShort","title":"Описание","body":"Книга «Судьба России» Николая Бердяева представляет собой философский анализ духовного кризиса, национального сознания и исторической миссии России в контексте мировой войны, национализма, империализма и технологического прогресса. Автор исследует русскую душу, мессианские идеи, моральные основания войны, противоречия между духом и властью, а также эсхатологические взгляды русских мыслителей, предлагая путь к духовному возрождению и роли России как посредника между Востоком и Западом."},{"key":"conflict","title":"Главный конфликт / проблема","body":"Какова судьба России в контексте духовного кризиса, национального сознания и внешних конфликтов, и как она может найти путь к духовному возрождению и исторической миссии?"},{"key":"keyIdeas","title":"Ключевые идеи","body":["Русская душа – противоречивый и непостижимый феномен, сочетающий женственность и жажду свободы.","Государственность и бюрократия в России исторически подавляют духовный потенциал народа.","Мессианское сознание России – универсальное, но ограничено национальными и религиозными предрассудками.","Война может пробудить духовный потенциал, но также угрожает национализмом и германизмом.","Необходимость духовного перерождения и освобождения от внешнего влияния для выполнения русской миссии.","Война 1914 года рассматривается как живое биологическое явление, лишённое абстрактных идей.","Мощь конницы вызывает чувство женственности и покорности, отражая «бабье» качество русской души.","Розанов критикует христианство, считая его «язычником» и отвергая идею спасения через Христа.","Национальность и человечество взаимодополняемы, а не противоположны.","Национальная культура раскрывает всечеловеческие ценности через свою уникальность.","Мессианизм – высшая идея, но не заменяет национальный процесс.","Война как катализатор пробуждения национального сознания"]},{"key":"conclusion","title":"Вывод","body":"Книга приводит к выводу, что Россия должна пройти через духовное перерождение, отказаться от национализма и бюрократической власти, и стать посредником между Востоком и Западом, реализуя свою мессианскую миссию."},{"key":"audience","title":"Кому полезна","body":["Студенты философии и истории","Интеллигенция","Люди, интересующиеся русской культурой и национальной идентичностью","Педагоги"]},{"key":"topics","title":"Главные темы","body":["Мессианство и духовный кризис России","Война как катализатор национального сознания","Национализм, империализм и внутреннее зло","Мораль и историческая борьба","Дух и машина","Социальные и духовные противоречия","Единство и конфликт","Русская идея и её развитие","Русский нигилизм","Эсхатология русских мыслителей"]},{"key":"characters","title":"Персонажи","body":["Николай Бердяев — Критически анализирует духовный кризис России, подчёркивает противоречия русской души и призывает к духовному перерождению. Автор исследует дуализм духа и власти, рассматривает войну как катализатор пробуждения русской души и призывает к освобождению от внешнего влияния.","Владимир Соловьев — Противоборствует национализму, проповедует универсализм, переходит к пессимистическому видению конца истории, отвергает идею богочеловечества. Стремится к христианскому обществу, видит в теократии решение социальной проблемы.","Фёдор Достоевский — Используется как пример двойственности русской души и противоречий в национальном самосознании. Подчеркивал мессианское сознание, пророческую направленность и идею «человекобога». Видел в революции угрозу свободы, выступал за теократию, критиковал марксизм.","Лев Толстой — Подчеркивает духовное освобождение от власти, критикует цивилизацию. Искал выход из истории, стремился к природной божественной жизни, критиковал историческое христианство. Критиковал историческую несправедливость, выступал за возвращение к природе, противоречил революционной интеллигенции.","Николай Федоров — Предлагает активную эсхатологию: проект воскрешения умерших, соединение науки и религии, веру в победу над смертью. Представляет национальную индивидуальность как источник всечеловеческих ценностей.","В. В. Розанов — Писатель, рассматривающий войну как живое биологическое явление, критикующий христианство и восхищающийся государственной властью.","Герцен — Соперник Хомякова, выступает за западный путь. Переходил от Гегеля к Фейербаху, критиковал мещанство Запада, видел в России путь к социализму.","Белинский — Выражает сомнения в существовании Бога в контексте спора. Переход от идеализма к реалистике, критика действительности, бунт против Гегеля.","Николай Хомяков — Позиционирует свободу как высшее начало, противопоставляя её необходимости; видит в России иранство.","Тургенев — Отмечает споры и их эмоциональный характер.","Фр. Баадер — Пишет о миссии Русской церкви как посредника.","Станкевич — Поклонник Гегеля, символ идеализма, стремился к гармонии личного чувства."]},{"key":"quotes","title":"Цитаты","body":["Русская душа непостижима для ума и неизмерима никакими аршинами доктрин и учений.","Мессианское сознание – сознание избранного народа Божьего, народа, в котором должен явиться Мессия и через который должен быть мир спасен.","Сила – вот одна красота в мире… Сила – она покоряет, перед ней падают, ей, наконец, – молятся… Молятся вообще «слабые» – «мы», вот «я» на тротуаре…","Война – явление глубоко трагическое, антиномическое и страшное, а нынешняя война более, чем какая-либо из войн мировой истории.","«Национальность есть индивидуальное бытие, вне которого невозможно существование человечества»","«Космополитизм есть уродливое и неосуществимое выражение мечты об едином, братском и совершенном человечестве»","Мировую войну можно рассматривать с разных точек зрения. В одном из своих аспектов мировая война должна быть признана неотвратимым и роковым моментом в развитии и диалектике империализма.","Русский империализм, которому так много естественно дано, не походит на империализм английский или германский, он совсем особенный, более противоречивый по своей природе.","Война – это символическое проявление внутреннего духовного недуга, а не источник зла.","Германский дух, очень сильный дух, хочет в конце концов породить своеобразную германскую религию германизма, которая вступает в антагонизм с христианством."]}],"authorSummary":null,"hasArtifacts":true,"canReadInApp":true,"readUrl":"https://web.bookra.app/?startapp=r_790652","artifactsUrl":"https://web.bookra.app/?startapp=b_790652","readCtaLabel":"Читать бесплатно","artifactsCtaLabel":"AI-разбор","appReadLinks":{"tg":"https://t.me/bookra_lib_bot/BookRa?startapp=r_790652","vk":"https://vk.com/app54470698#startapp=r_790652","max":"https://max.ru/id7751370047_bot?startapp=r_790652","web":"https://web.bookra.app/?startapp=r_790652"},"appAnalysisLinks":{"tg":"https://t.me/bookra_lib_bot/BookRa?startapp=b_790652","vk":"https://vk.com/app54470698#startapp=b_790652","max":"https://max.ru/id7751370047_bot?startapp=b_790652","web":"https://web.bookra.app/?startapp=b_790652"},"guestReaderUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK#reader-content","authorCtaLabel":"Все книги автора","authorProtectedUrl":"/author/c84847b5-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322","readersCount":144,"adultLabel":"12+","yearLabel":"2007","datePublished":null,"publisherLabel":null,"isbn":null,"oclc":null,"lccn":null,"partnerUrl":null,"accessNote":"Полный текст книги и AI-разбор откроются на защищенных страницах BookRa после входа."},"reader":{"page":1,"totalPages":159,"hasPrev":false,"hasNext":true,"prevPageUrl":null,"nextPageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=2#reader-content","progressLabel":"Страница 1 из 159","sections":[{"id":"id2108:0","kind":"heading","text":"Annotation"},{"id":"id2108:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Известный русский философ и публицист Н.А.Бердяев в книге «Судьба России» обобщил свои размышления и прозрения о судьбе русского народа и о судьбе российского государства. Государство изменило название, политическое управление, идеологию, но изменилась ли душа народа? Что есть народ как государство и что есть народ в не зависимости от того, кто и как им управляет? Каково предназначение русского народа в семье народов планеты, какова его роль в мировой истории и в духовной жизни человечества? Эти сложнейшие и острейшие вопросы Бердяев решает по-своему: проповедуя мессианизм русского народа и веруя в его великое предназначение, но одновременно отрицая приоритет государственности над духовной жизнью человека."},{"id":"id2108:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Содержание сборника:"},{"id":"id2108:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"Судьба России"},{"id":"id2108:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Русская идея"},{"id":"id2108:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Николай Бердяев"},{"id":"id2108:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"Судьба России"},{"id":"id2108:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мировая опасность"},{"id":"id2108:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"I. Психология русского народа"},{"id":"id2108:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"Душа России"},{"id":"id2108:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"О «вечно бабьем» в русской душе"},{"id":"id2108:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"V"},{"id":"id2108:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"Война и кризис интеллигентского сознания"},{"id":"id2108:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:21","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:22","kind":"paragraph","text":"Темное вино"},{"id":"id2108:23","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:24","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:25","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:26","kind":"paragraph","text":"Азиатская и европейская душа"},{"id":"id2108:27","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:28","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:29","kind":"paragraph","text":"О власти пространств над русской душой"},{"id":"id2108:30","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:31","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:32","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:33","kind":"paragraph","text":"Централизм и народная жизнь"},{"id":"id2108:34","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:35","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:36","kind":"paragraph","text":"О святости и честности"},{"id":"id2108:37","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:38","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:39","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:40","kind":"paragraph","text":"Об отношении русских к идеям"},{"id":"id2108:41","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:42","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:43","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:44","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:45","kind":"paragraph","text":"II. Проблема национальности"},{"id":"id2108:46","kind":"paragraph","text":"Национальность и человечество"},{"id":"id2108:47","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:48","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:49","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:50","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:51","kind":"paragraph","text":"Национализм и мессианизм"},{"id":"id2108:52","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:53","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:54","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:55","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:56","kind":"paragraph","text":"Национализм и империализм"},{"id":"id2108:57","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:58","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:59","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:60","kind":"paragraph","text":"Конец Европы"},{"id":"id2108:61","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:62","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:63","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:64","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:65","kind":"paragraph","text":"V"},{"id":"id2108:66","kind":"paragraph","text":"Задачи творческой исторической мысли"},{"id":"id2108:67","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:68","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:69","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:70","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:71","kind":"paragraph","text":"Славянофильство и славянская идея"},{"id":"id2108:72","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:73","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:74","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:75","kind":"paragraph","text":"Космическое и социологическое мироощущение"},{"id":"id2108:76","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:77","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:78","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:79","kind":"paragraph","text":"III. Души народов"},{"id":"id2108:80","kind":"paragraph","text":"Судьба Парижа"},{"id":"id2108:81","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:82","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:83","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:84","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:85","kind":"paragraph","text":"Русская и польская душа"},{"id":"id2108:86","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:87","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:88","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:89","kind":"paragraph","text":"Религия германизма"},{"id":"id2108:90","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:91","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:92","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:93","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:94","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV. Психология войны и смысл войны"},{"id":"id2108:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"Мысли о природе войны"},{"id":"id2108:96","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:99","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"О жестокости и боли"},{"id":"id2108:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:102","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"О правде и справедливости в борьбе народов"},{"id":"id2108:105","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:108","kind":"paragraph","text":"Движение и неподвижность в жизни народов"},{"id":"id2108:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:111","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"О частном и историческом взгляде на жизнь"},{"id":"id2108:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:114","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"V. Психология политики и общественности"},{"id":"id2108:117","kind":"paragraph","text":"Об отвлеченности и абсолютности в политике"},{"id":"id2108:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:119","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:120","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:121","kind":"paragraph","text":"Слова и реальности в общественной жизни"},{"id":"id2108:122","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:123","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:124","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:125","kind":"paragraph","text":"Демократия и личность"},{"id":"id2108:126","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:127","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:128","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:129","kind":"paragraph","text":"Дух и машина"},{"id":"id2108:130","kind":"paragraph","text":"I"},{"id":"id2108:131","kind":"paragraph","text":"II"},{"id":"id2108:132","kind":"paragraph","text":"III"},{"id":"id2108:133","kind":"paragraph","text":"IV"},{"id":"id2108:134","kind":"paragraph","text":"Царство духа и царство Кесаря"},{"id":"id2108:135","kind":"paragraph","text":"Борьба за истину"},{"id":"id2108:136","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава I"},{"id":"id2108:137","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава II"},{"id":"id2108:138","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава III"},{"id":"id2108:139","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава IV"},{"id":"id2108:140","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава V"},{"id":"id2108:141","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VI"},{"id":"id2108:142","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VII"},{"id":"id2108:143","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VIII"},{"id":"id2108:144","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава IX"},{"id":"id2108:145","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава Х"},{"id":"id2108:146","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава XI"},{"id":"id2108:147","kind":"paragraph","text":"Русская идея"},{"id":"id2108:148","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава I"},{"id":"id2108:149","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:150","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:151","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:152","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава II"},{"id":"id2108:153","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:154","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:155","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:156","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава III"},{"id":"id2108:157","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:158","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:159","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:160","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава IV"},{"id":"id2108:161","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:162","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:163","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава V"},{"id":"id2108:164","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:165","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:166","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:167","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id2108:168","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VI"},{"id":"id2108:169","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:170","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:171","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:172","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VII"},{"id":"id2108:173","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:174","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:175","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:176","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id2108:177","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава VIII"},{"id":"id2108:178","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:179","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:180","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:181","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава IX"},{"id":"id2108:182","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:183","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:184","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:185","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id2108:186","kind":"paragraph","text":"Глава X"},{"id":"id2108:187","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:188","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:189","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:190","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id2108:191","kind":"paragraph","text":"notes"},{"id":"id2108:192","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id2108:193","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id2108:194","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id2108:195","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id2108:196","kind":"paragraph","text":"5"},{"id":"id2108:197","kind":"paragraph","text":"6"},{"id":"id2108:198","kind":"paragraph","text":"7"},{"id":"id2108:199","kind":"paragraph","text":"8"},{"id":"id2108:200","kind":"paragraph","text":"9"},{"id":"id2108:201","kind":"paragraph","text":"10"},{"id":"id2108:202","kind":"paragraph","text":"11"},{"id":"id2108:203","kind":"paragraph","text":"12"},{"id":"id2108:204","kind":"paragraph","text":"13"},{"id":"id2108:205","kind":"paragraph","text":"14"},{"id":"id2108:206","kind":"paragraph","text":"15"},{"id":"id2108:207","kind":"paragraph","text":"16"},{"id":"id2108:208","kind":"paragraph","text":"17"},{"id":"id2108:209","kind":"paragraph","text":"18"},{"id":"id2108:210","kind":"paragraph","text":"19"},{"id":"id2108:211","kind":"paragraph","text":"20"},{"id":"id2108:212","kind":"paragraph","text":"21"},{"id":"id2108:213","kind":"paragraph","text":"22"},{"id":"id2108:214","kind":"paragraph","text":"23"},{"id":"id2108:215","kind":"paragraph","text":"24"},{"id":"id2108:216","kind":"paragraph","text":"25"},{"id":"id2108:217","kind":"paragraph","text":"26"},{"id":"id2108:218","kind":"paragraph","text":"27"},{"id":"id2108:219","kind":"paragraph","text":"28"},{"id":"id2108:220","kind":"paragraph","text":"29"},{"id":"id2108:221","kind":"paragraph","text":"30"},{"id":"id2108:222","kind":"paragraph","text":"31"},{"id":"id2108:223","kind":"paragraph","text":"32"},{"id":"id2108:224","kind":"paragraph","text":"33"},{"id":"id2108:225","kind":"paragraph","text":"34"},{"id":"id2108:226","kind":"paragraph","text":"35"},{"id":"id2108:227","kind":"paragraph","text":"36"},{"id":"id2108:228","kind":"paragraph","text":"37"},{"id":"id2108:229","kind":"paragraph","text":"38"},{"id":"id2108:230","kind":"paragraph","text":"39"},{"id":"id2108:231","kind":"paragraph","text":"40"},{"id":"id2108:232","kind":"paragraph","text":"41"},{"id":"id2108:233","kind":"paragraph","text":"42"},{"id":"id2108:234","kind":"paragraph","text":"43"},{"id":"id2108:235","kind":"paragraph","text":"44"},{"id":"id2108:236","kind":"paragraph","text":"45"},{"id":"id2108:237","kind":"paragraph","text":"46"},{"id":"id2108:238","kind":"paragraph","text":"47"},{"id":"id2108:239","kind":"paragraph","text":"48"},{"id":"id2108:240","kind":"paragraph","text":"49"},{"id":"id2108:241","kind":"paragraph","text":"50"},{"id":"id2108:242","kind":"paragraph","text":"51"},{"id":"id2108:243","kind":"paragraph","text":"52"},{"id":"id2108:244","kind":"paragraph","text":"53"},{"id":"id2108:245","kind":"paragraph","text":"54"},{"id":"id2108:246","kind":"paragraph","text":"55"},{"id":"id2108:247","kind":"paragraph","text":"56"},{"id":"id2108:248","kind":"paragraph","text":"57"},{"id":"id2108:249","kind":"paragraph","text":"58"},{"id":"id2108:250","kind":"paragraph","text":"59"},{"id":"id2108:251","kind":"paragraph","text":"60"},{"id":"id2108:252","kind":"paragraph","text":"61"},{"id":"id2108:253","kind":"paragraph","text":"62"},{"id":"id2108:254","kind":"paragraph","text":"63"},{"id":"id2108:255","kind":"paragraph","text":"64"},{"id":"id2108:256","kind":"paragraph","text":"65"},{"id":"id2108:257","kind":"paragraph","text":"66"},{"id":"id2108:258","kind":"paragraph","text":"67"},{"id":"id2108:259","kind":"paragraph","text":"68"},{"id":"id2108:260","kind":"paragraph","text":"69"},{"id":"id2108:261","kind":"paragraph","text":"70"},{"id":"id2108:262","kind":"paragraph","text":"71"},{"id":"id2108:263","kind":"paragraph","text":"72"},{"id":"id2108:264","kind":"paragraph","text":"73"},{"id":"id2108:265","kind":"paragraph","text":"74"},{"id":"id2108:266","kind":"paragraph","text":"75"},{"id":"id2108:267","kind":"paragraph","text":"76"},{"id":"id2108:268","kind":"paragraph","text":"77"},{"id":"id2108:269","kind":"paragraph","text":"78"},{"id":"id2108:270","kind":"paragraph","text":"79"},{"id":"id2108:271","kind":"paragraph","text":"80"},{"id":"id2108:272","kind":"paragraph","text":"81"},{"id":"id2108:273","kind":"paragraph","text":"82"},{"id":"id2108:274","kind":"paragraph","text":"83"},{"id":"id2108:275","kind":"paragraph","text":"84"},{"id":"id2107:0","kind":"heading","text":"Николай Бердяев Судьба России (Сборник)"},{"id":"id2106:0","kind":"heading","text":"Судьба России"},{"id":"id2105:0","kind":"heading","text":"Мировая опасность (Вместо предисловия)"},{"id":"id2105:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"С горьким чувством перечитывал я страницы сборника статей, написанных за время войны до революции. Великой России уже нет, и нет стоявших перед ней мировых задач, которые я старался по-своему осмыслить. Война внутренне разложилась и потеряла свой смысл. Все переходит в совершенно иное измерение. Те оценки, которые я применял в своих опытах, я считаю внутренне верными, но неприменимыми уже к современным событиям. Все изменилось вокруг в мире, и нужны уже новые реакции живого духа на все совершающееся. Эти новые реакции нужны и для духа, оставшегося верным своей вере, своей идее. Не вера, не идея изменилась, но мир и люди изменили этой вере и этой идее. И от этого меняются суждения о мировых соотношениях. Ни одна из задач мировой войны не может быть положительно разрешена, и прежде всего не может быть разрешен восточный вопрос. Выпадение России из войны – факт роковой для судьбы войны. И роковой смысл этого выпадения я вижу даже не в том, что он дает перевес враждебной нам стороне. Смысл этого события лежит глубже. Русское падение и бесчестье способствовало военным успехам Германии. Но успехи эти не слишком реальны, в них много призрачного. Германские победы не увеличили германской опасности для мира. Я даже склонен думать, что опасность эта уменьшается. Воинственный и внешне могущественный вид Германии внушает почти жалость, если всмотреться глубже в выражение германского лица. Германия есть в совершенстве организованное и дисциплинированное бессилие. Она надорвалась, истощилась и принуждена скрывать испуг перед собственными победами. Ее владычество над огромной таинственной хаотической стихией, в прошлом именовавшейся Великой Россией, не может не пугать ее. Она не в силах совладать с больным и павшим колоссом. Она должна будет отступить перед ним, истощив свои силы. Силы германского народа истощаются все более и более, как и силы всех народов Европы. И ныне перед европейским миром стоят более страшные опасности, чем те, которые я видел в этой войне. Будущее всей христианской культуры старой Европы подвергается величайшей опасности. Если мировая война будет еще долго продолжаться, то все народы Европы со старыми своими культурами погрузятся во тьму и мрак. С Востока, не арийского и не христианского, идет гроза на всю Европу. Результатами войны воспользуются не те, которые на это рассчитывают. Никто не победит. Победитель не в состоянии уже будет пользоваться своей победой. Все одинаково будут побеждены. Скоро наступит такое время, что все равно уже будет, кто победит. Мир вступит в такое измерение своего исторического бытия, что эти старые категории будут уже неприменимы."},{"id":"id2105:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Все время войны я горячо стоял за войну до победного конца. И никакие жертвы не пугали меня. Но ныне я не могу не желать, чтобы скорее кончилась мировая война. Этого д́олжно желать и с точки зрения судьбы России, и с точки зрения судьбы всей Европы. Если война еще будет продолжаться, то Россия, переставшая быть субъектом и превратившаяся в объект, Россия, ставшая ареной столкновения народов, будет продолжать гнить, и гниение это слишком далеко зайдет к дню окончания войны. Темные разрушительные силы, убивающие нашу родину, все свои надежды основывают на том, что во всем мире произойдет страшный катаклизм и будут разрушены основы христианской культуры. Силы эти спекулируют на мировой войне, и не так уж ошибочны их ожидания. Всей Европе грозит внутренний взрыв и катастрофа, подобная нашей. Жизнь народов Европы будет отброшена к элементарному, ей грозит варваризация. И тогда кара придет из Азии. На пепелище старой христианской Европы, истощенной, потрясенной до самых оснований собственными варварскими хаотическими стихиями, пожелает занять господствующее положение иная, чужая нам раса, с иной верой, с чуждой нам цивилизацией. По сравнению с этой перспективой вся мировая война есть лишь семейная распря. Теперь уже в результате мировой войны выиграть, реально победить может лишь крайний Восток, Япония и Китай, раса, не истощившая себя, да еще крайний Запад, Америка. После ослабления и разложения Европы и России воцарится китаизм и американизм, две силы, которые могут найти точки сближения между собой. Тогда осуществится китайско-американское царство равенства, в котором невозможны уже будут никакие восхождения и подъемы."}],"toc":[{"id":"id2108:0:1","label":"Annotation","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK#reader-content"},{"id":"id2107:0:1","label":"Николай Бердяев Судьба России (Сборник)","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK#reader-content"},{"id":"id2106:0:1","label":"Судьба России","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK#reader-content"},{"id":"id2105:0:1","label":"Мировая опасность (Вместо предисловия)","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:0:2","label":"I. Психология русского народа","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:1:2","label":"Душа России","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:2:2","label":"I","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:17:6","label":"II","page":6,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=6#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:27:10","label":"О «вечно бабьем» в русской душе","page":10,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=10#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:28:10","label":"I","page":10,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=10#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:33:11","label":"II","page":11,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=11#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:35:11","label":"III","page":11,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=11#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:42:13","label":"IV","page":13,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=13#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:44:13","label":"V","page":13,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=13#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:48:14","label":"Война и кризис интеллигентского сознания","page":14,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=14#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:49:14","label":"I","page":14,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=14#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:52:14","label":"II","page":14,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=14#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:56:15","label":"III","page":15,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=15#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:59:16","label":"Темное вино","page":16,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=16#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:60:16","label":"I","page":16,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=16#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:64:16","label":"II","page":16,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=16#reader-content"},{"id":"id2104:68:17","label":"III","page":17,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=17#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:0:17","label":"Азиатская и европейская душа","page":17,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=17#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:1:17","label":"I","page":17,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=17#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:4:18","label":"II","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:8:19","label":"О власти пространств над русской душой","page":19,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=19#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:9:19","label":"I","page":19,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=19#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:12:19","label":"II","page":19,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=19#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:15:20","label":"III","page":20,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=20#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:17:20","label":"Централизм и народная жизнь","page":20,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=20#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:18:20","label":"I","page":20,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=20#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:20:21","label":"II","page":21,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=21#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:23:22","label":"О святости и честности","page":22,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=22#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:24:22","label":"I","page":22,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=22#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:27:23","label":"II","page":23,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=23#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:31:23","label":"III","page":23,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=23#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:34:24","label":"Об отношении русских к идеям","page":24,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=24#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:35:24","label":"I","page":24,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=24#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:38:25","label":"II","page":25,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=25#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:41:26","label":"III","page":26,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=26#reader-content"},{"id":"id2103:44:26","label":"IV","page":26,"pageUrl":"/books/1xjWrTLK?page=26#reader-content"},{"id":"id2102:0:27","label":"II. 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