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Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again — обложка книги
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Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again

Автор Марк Твен
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Дата написания1970-01-01
Язык книгиen
Возрастное ограничение12+
Жанры
зарубежная классика
Темы
американская литератураамериканская классика

Описание

Книга рассказывает о путешествии китайского эмигранта Чинг‑Фу в Америку, его испытаниях с полицией, трудностях на судне, насилием и дискриминацией в тюрьме и судебной системе, показывая жестокость и предвзятость американского общества.

Главный конфликт / проблема

Дискриминация и насилие против китайских иммигрантов в американском обществе

Ключевые идеи

  • Америка представляется как место свободы и равенства для всех.
  • Китайские эмигранты сталкиваются с финансовыми и эксплуатационными трудностями.
  • Консульство обманывает пассажиров, взимая незаконные сборы.
  • Условия в стереже опасны и тесны, а на борту происходят инциденты с ожогами.
  • Китайский иммигрант сталкивается с насилием и дискриминацией со стороны полиции и местных жителей.
  • Принудительная вакцинация и высокие цены на неё подчёркивают экономическое давление на иммигрантов.
  • Тюремная среда демонстрирует разнообразие преступников и их взаимные конфликты.
  • Расовая предвзятость в судебной системе Сан‑Франциско.
  • Несправедливое ограничение прав китайских заключённых на дачу показаний.
  • Ужасающие условия тюремной жизни и отсутствие медицинской помощи.
  • Надежда автора на справедливость в американском праве.

Вывод

Книга демонстрирует, как ожидания свободы сталкиваются с реальностью жестокости и предвзятости, подчеркивая необходимость борьбы за справедливость и равные права.

Кому полезна

  • Историки
  • Исследователи иммиграции
  • Студенты
  • Люди, интересующиеся правами человека
  • Читатели, интересующиеся историей США и Китая

Главные темы

  • Иммиграция и ожидания свободы
  • Экономические и социальные трудности
  • Насилие и дискриминация
  • Судебная система и расовая предвзятость

Персонажи

  • Чинг-Фу — Китайский эмигрант, отправляющийся в Америку. Прибыв в Сан‑Франциско, он сталкивается с насилием, дискриминацией и арестами, но сохраняет оптимизм и пытается адаптироваться.
  • Наниматель — Платит зарплату, обеспечивает погашение проезда, защищает пассажиров от продажи, но инвестировал в работу на плантациях и требует возврат денег за проезд.
  • Консул — Взимает незаконные сборы за сертификаты, утверждая, что это законно.
  • Капитан — Использует горячий пар для подавления конфликтов среди пассажиров.
  • Полицейские — Бьют, заставляют отдать сумки, арестовывают Хон‑Во и Чинг‑Фу, проводят аресты и суды, часто используют расовую предвзятость.
  • Молодёжь и собака — Нападают на Чинг‑Фу, вызывают полицию.
  • Другие заключённые — Разнообразные национальности, часто конфликтуют, демонстрируют жизнь в тюрьме.
  • Автор (незнакомый) — Опытный заключённый, который наблюдает и описывает события в тюрьме и суде.
  • Мальчик — Соблазнял девушек из школ, был отправлен в исправительное учреждение.
  • Фотограф — Смешивал изображения и продавал их, получил штраф.
  • Судья — Устанавливает правила, запрещает китайским свидетелям говорить против белых.

Цитаты

  • It is all settled, and I am to leave my oppressed and overburdened native land and cross the sea to that noble realm where all are free and all equal, and none reviled or abused—America!
  • The good American who hired me to go to his country is to pay me $12 a month, which is immense wages, you know—twenty times as much as one gets in China.
  • I stepped ashore jubilant! I wanted to dance, shout, sing, worship the generous Land of the Free and Home of the Brave.
  • I must be vaccinated to prevent my taking the small‑pox.
  • This Ching divil comes till Ameriky to take the bread out o' dacent intilligent white men's mouths.
  • "If you'd called me an hour ago I might have saved this man, may be too late now."
  • "Give him five dollars or ten days."

Сводка по автору из Wikidata

1835–1910. Mark Twain. американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель (1835–1910)

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LETTER VI

SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.

DEAR CHING-FOO: To continue—the two women became reconciled to each other again through the common bond of interest and sympathy created between them by pounding me in partnership, and when they had finished me they fell to embracing each other again and swearing more eternal affection like that which had subsisted between them all the evening, barring occasional interruptions. They agreed to swear the finger-biting on the Greaser in open court, and get him sent to the penitentiary for the crime of mayhem.

Another of our company was a boy of fourteen who had been watched for some time by officers and teachers, and repeatedly detected in enticing young girls from the public schools to the lodgings of gentlemen down town. He had been furnished with lures in the form of pictures and books of a peculiar kind, and these he had distributed among his clients. There were likenesses of fifteen of these young girls on exhibition (only to prominent citizens and persons in authority, it was said, though most people came to get a sight) at the police headquarters, but no punishment at all was to be inflicted on the poor little misses. The boy was afterward sent into captivity at the House of Correction for some months, and there was a strong disposition to punish the gentlemen who had employed the boy to entice the girls, but as that could not be done without making public the names of those gentlemen and thus injuring them socially, the idea was finally given up.

There was also in our cell that night a photographer (a kind of artist who makes likenesses of people with a machine), who had been for some time patching the pictured heads of well-known and respectable young ladies to the nude, pictured bodies of another class of women; then from this patched creation he would make photographs and sell them privately at high prices to rowdies and blackguards, averring that these, the best young ladies of the city, had hired him to take their likenesses in that unclad condition. What a lecture the police judge read that photographer when he was convicted! He told him his crime was little less than an outrage. He abused that photographer till he almost made him sink through the floor, and then he fined him a hundred dollars. And he told him he might consider himself lucky that he didn't fine him a hundred and twenty-five dollars. They are awfully severe on crime here.

About two or two and a half hours after midnight, of that first experience of mine in the city prison, such of us as were dozing were awakened by a noise of beating and dragging and groaning, and in a little while a man was pushed into our den with a "There, d—-n you, soak there a spell!"—and then the gate was closed and the officers went away again. The man who was thrust among us fell limp and helpless by the grating, but as nobody could reach him with a kick without the trouble of hitching along toward him or getting fairly up to deliver it, our people only grumbled at him, and cursed him, and called him insulting names—for misery and hardship do not make their victims gentle or charitable toward each other. But as he neither tried humbly to conciliate our people nor swore back at them, his unnatural conduct created surprise, and several of the party crawled to him where he lay in the dim light that came through the grating, and examined into his case. His head was very bloody and his wits were gone. After about an hour, he sat up and stared around; then his eyes grew more natural and he began to tell how that he was going along with a bag on his shoulder and a brace of policemen ordered him to stop, which he did not do—was chased and caught, beaten ferociously about the head on the way to the prison and after arrival there, and finally thrown into our den like a dog.

And in a few seconds he sank down again and grew flighty of speech. One of our people was at last penetrated with something vaguely akin to compassion, may be, for he looked out through the gratings at the guardian officer, pacing to and fro, and said:

"Say, Mickey, this shrimp's goin' to die."

"Stop your noise!" was all the answer he got. But presently our man tried it again. He drew himself to the gratings, grasping them with his hands, and looking out through them, sat waiting till the officer was passing once more, and then said:

"Sweetness, you'd better mind your eye, now, because you beats have killed this cuss. You've busted his head and he'll pass in his checks before sun-up. You better go for a doctor, now, you bet you had."

The officer delivered a sudden rap on our man's knuckles with his club, that sent him scampering and howling among the sleeping forms on the flag-stones, and an answering burst of laughter came from the half dozen policemen idling about the railed desk in the middle of the dungeon.

But there was a putting of heads together out there presently, and a conversing in low voices, which seemed to show that our man's talk had made an impression; and presently an officer went away in a hurry, and shortly came back with a person who entered our cell and felt the bruised man's pulse and threw the glare of a lantern on his drawn face, striped with blood, and his glassy eyes, fixed and vacant. The doctor examined the man's broken head also, and presently said:

"If you'd called me an hour ago I might have saved this man, may be too late now."

Then he walked out into the dungeon and the officers surrounded him, and they kept up a low and earnest buzzing of conversation for fifteen minutes, I should think, and then the doctor took his departure from the prison. Several of the officers now came in and worked a little with the wounded man, but toward daylight he died.

It was the longest, longest night! And when the daylight came filtering reluctantly into the dungeon at last, it was the grayest, dreariest, saddest daylight! And yet, when an officer by and by turned off the sickly yellow gas flame, and immediately the gray of dawn became fresh and white, there was a lifting of my spirits that acknowledged and believed that the night was gone, and straightway I fell to stretching my sore limbs, and looking about me with a grateful sense of relief and a returning interest in life. About me lay the evidences that what seemed now a feverish dream and a nightmare was the memory of a reality instead. For on the boards lay four frowsy, ragged, bearded vagabonds, snoring—one turned end-for-end and resting an unclean foot, in a ruined stocking, on the hairy breast of a neighbour; the young boy was uneasy, and lay moaning in his sleep; other forms lay half revealed and half concealed about the floor; in the furthest corner the gray light fell upon a sheet, whose elevations and depressions indicated the places of the dead man's face and feet and folded hands; and through the dividing bars one could discern the almost nude forms of the two exiles from the county jail twined together in a drunken embrace, and sodden with sleep.

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