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Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again
Автор Марк Твен12+
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Дата написания1970-01-01
Язык книгиen
Возрастное ограничение12+
Темыамериканская литератураамериканская классика
Описание
Книга рассказывает о путешествии китайского эмигранта Чинг‑Фу в Америку, его испытаниях с полицией, трудностях на судне, насилием и дискриминацией в тюрьме и судебной системе, показывая жестокость и предвзятость американского общества.
Главный конфликт / проблема
Дискриминация и насилие против китайских иммигрантов в американском обществе
Ключевые идеи
- Америка представляется как место свободы и равенства для всех.
- Китайские эмигранты сталкиваются с финансовыми и эксплуатационными трудностями.
- Консульство обманывает пассажиров, взимая незаконные сборы.
- Условия в стереже опасны и тесны, а на борту происходят инциденты с ожогами.
- Китайский иммигрант сталкивается с насилием и дискриминацией со стороны полиции и местных жителей.
- Принудительная вакцинация и высокие цены на неё подчёркивают экономическое давление на иммигрантов.
- Тюремная среда демонстрирует разнообразие преступников и их взаимные конфликты.
- Расовая предвзятость в судебной системе Сан‑Франциско.
- Несправедливое ограничение прав китайских заключённых на дачу показаний.
- Ужасающие условия тюремной жизни и отсутствие медицинской помощи.
- Надежда автора на справедливость в американском праве.
Вывод
Книга демонстрирует, как ожидания свободы сталкиваются с реальностью жестокости и предвзятости, подчеркивая необходимость борьбы за справедливость и равные права.
Кому полезна
- Историки
- Исследователи иммиграции
- Студенты
- Люди, интересующиеся правами человека
- Читатели, интересующиеся историей США и Китая
Главные темы
- Иммиграция и ожидания свободы
- Экономические и социальные трудности
- Насилие и дискриминация
- Судебная система и расовая предвзятость
Персонажи
- Чинг-Фу — Китайский эмигрант, отправляющийся в Америку. Прибыв в Сан‑Франциско, он сталкивается с насилием, дискриминацией и арестами, но сохраняет оптимизм и пытается адаптироваться.
- Наниматель — Платит зарплату, обеспечивает погашение проезда, защищает пассажиров от продажи, но инвестировал в работу на плантациях и требует возврат денег за проезд.
- Консул — Взимает незаконные сборы за сертификаты, утверждая, что это законно.
- Капитан — Использует горячий пар для подавления конфликтов среди пассажиров.
- Полицейские — Бьют, заставляют отдать сумки, арестовывают Хон‑Во и Чинг‑Фу, проводят аресты и суды, часто используют расовую предвзятость.
- Молодёжь и собака — Нападают на Чинг‑Фу, вызывают полицию.
- Другие заключённые — Разнообразные национальности, часто конфликтуют, демонстрируют жизнь в тюрьме.
- Автор (незнакомый) — Опытный заключённый, который наблюдает и описывает события в тюрьме и суде.
- Мальчик — Соблазнял девушек из школ, был отправлен в исправительное учреждение.
- Фотограф — Смешивал изображения и продавал их, получил штраф.
- Судья — Устанавливает правила, запрещает китайским свидетелям говорить против белых.
Цитаты
- It is all settled, and I am to leave my oppressed and overburdened native land and cross the sea to that noble realm where all are free and all equal, and none reviled or abused—America!
- The good American who hired me to go to his country is to pay me $12 a month, which is immense wages, you know—twenty times as much as one gets in China.
- I stepped ashore jubilant! I wanted to dance, shout, sing, worship the generous Land of the Free and Home of the Brave.
- I must be vaccinated to prevent my taking the small‑pox.
- This Ching divil comes till Ameriky to take the bread out o' dacent intilligent white men's mouths.
- "If you'd called me an hour ago I might have saved this man, may be too late now."
- "Give him five dollars or ten days."
Сводка по автору из Wikidata
1835–1910. Mark Twain. американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель (1835–1910)
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Страница 5 из 6By and by all the animals in all the cages awoke, and stretched themselves, and exchanged a few cuffs and curses, and then began to clamour for breakfast. Breakfast was brought in at last—bread and beefsteak on tin plates, and black coffee in tin cups, and no grabbing allowed. And after several dreary hours of waiting, after this, we were all marched out into the dungeon and joined there by all manner of vagrants and vagabonds, of all shades and colours and nationalities, from the other cells and cages of the place; and pretty soon our whole menagerie was marched up-stairs and locked fast behind a high railing in a dirty room with a dirty audience in it. And this audience stared at us, and at a man seated on high behind what they call a pulpit in this country, and at some clerks and other officials seated below him—and waited. This was the police court.
The court opened. Pretty soon I was compelled to notice that a culprit's nationality made for or against him in this court. Overwhelming proofs were necessary to convict an Irishman of crime, and even then his punishment amounted to little; Frenchmen, Spaniards, and Italians had strict and unprejudiced justice meted out to them, in exact accordance with the evidence; negroes were promptly punished, when there was the slightest preponderance of testimony against them; but Chinamen were punished always, apparently. Now this gave me some uneasiness, I confess. I knew that this state of things must of necessity be accidental, because in this country all men were free and equal, and one person could not take to himself an advantage not accorded to all other individuals. I knew that, and yet in spite of it I was uneasy.
And I grew still more uneasy, when I found that any succored and befriended refugee from Ireland or elsewhere could stand up before that judge and swear away the life or liberty or character of a refugee from China; but that by the law of the land the Chinaman could not testify against the Irishman. I was really and truly uneasy, but still my faith in the universal liberty that America accords and defends, and my deep veneration for the land that offered all distressed outcasts a home and protection, was strong within me, and I said to myself that it would all come out right yet.
LETTER VII
SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.
DEAR CHING FOO: I was glad enough when my case came up. An hour's experience had made me as tired of the police court as of the dungeon. I was not uneasy about the result of the trial, but on the contrary felt that as soon as the large auditory of Americans present should hear how that the rowdies had set the dogs on me when I was going peacefully along the street, and how, when I was all torn and bleeding, the officers arrested me and put me in jail and let the rowdies go free, the gallant hatred of oppression which is part of the very flesh and blood of every American would be stirred to its utmost, and I should be instantly set at liberty. In truth I began to fear for the other side. There in full view stood the ruffians who had misused me, and I began to fear that in the first burst of generous anger occasioned by the revealment of what they had done, they might be harshly handled, and possibly even banished the country as having dishonoured her and being no longer worthy to remain upon her sacred soil.
The official interpreter of the court asked my name, and then spoke it aloud so that all could hear. Supposing that all was now ready, I cleared my throat and began—in Chinese, because of my imperfect English:
"Hear, O high and mighty mandarin, and believe! As I went about my peaceful business in the street, behold certain men set a dog on me, and—
It was the judge that spoke. The interpreter whispered to me that I must keep perfectly still. He said that no statement would be received from me—I must only talk through my lawyer.
I had no lawyer. In the early morning a police court lawyer (termed, in the higher circles of society, a "shyster") had come into our den in the prison and offered his services to me, but I had been obliged to go without them because I could not pay in advance or give security. I told the interpreter how the matter stood. He said I must take my chances on the witnesses then. I glanced around, and my failing confidence revived.
"Call those four Chinamen yonder," I said. "They saw it all. I remember their faces perfectly. They will prove that the white men set the dog on me when I was not harming them."
"That won't work," said he. "In this country white men can testify against Chinamen all they want to, but Chinamen ain't allowed to testify against white men!"
What a chill went through me! And then I felt the indignant blood rise to my cheek at this libel upon the Home of the Oppressed, where all men are free and equal—perfectly equal—perfectly free and perfectly equal. I despised this Chinese-speaking Spaniard for his mean slander of the land that was sheltering and feeding him. I sorely wanted to sear his eyes with that sentence from the great and good American Declaration of Independence which we have copied in letters of gold in China and keep hung up over our family altars and in our temples—I mean the one about all men being created free and equal.
But woe is me, Ching Foo, the man was right. He was right, after all. There were my witnesses, but I could not use them. But now came a new hope. I saw my white friend come in, and I felt that he had come there purposely to help me. I may almost say I knew it. So I grew easier. He passed near enough to me to say under his breath, "Don't be afraid," and then I had no more fear. But presently the rowdies recognised him and began to scowl at him in no friendly way, and to make threatening signs at him. The two officers that arrested me fixed their eyes steadily on his; he bore it well, but gave in presently, and dropped his eyes. They still gazed at his eyebrows, and every time he raised his eyes he encountered their winkless stare—until after a minute or two he ceased to lift his head at all. The judge had been giving some instructions privately to some one for a little while, but now he was ready to resume business. Then the trial so unspeakably important to me, and freighted with such prodigious consequence to my wife and children, began, progressed, ended, was recorded in the books, noted down by the newspaper reporters, and forgotten by everybody but me—all in the little space of two minutes!
"Ah Song Hi, Chinaman. Officers O'Flannigan and O'Flaherty, witnesses. Come forward, Officer O'Flannigan."
OFFICER—"He was making a disturbance in Kearny street."
JUDGE—"Any witnesses on the other side?" No response. The white friend raised his eyes—encountered Officer O'Flaherty's—blushed a little—got up and left the courtroom, avoiding all glances and not taking his own from the floor.
JUDGE—"Give him five dollars or ten days."
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Breakfast was brought in at last—bread and beefsteak on tin plates, and black coffee in tin cups, and no grabbing allowed. And after several dreary hours of waiting, after this, we were all marched out into the dungeon and joined there by all manner of vagrants and vagabonds, of all shades and colours and nationalities, from the other cells and cages of the place; and pretty soon our whole menagerie was marched up-stairs and locked fast behind a high railing in a dirty room with a dirty audience in it. And this audience stared at us, and at a man seated on high behind what they call a pulpit in this country, and at some clerks and other officials seated below him—and waited. This was the police court."},{"id":"id22:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"The court opened. Pretty soon I was compelled to notice that a culprit's nationality made for or against him in this court. Overwhelming proofs were necessary to convict an Irishman of crime, and even then his punishment amounted to little; Frenchmen, Spaniards, and Italians had strict and unprejudiced justice meted out to them, in exact accordance with the evidence; negroes were promptly punished, when there was the slightest preponderance of testimony against them; but Chinamen were punished always, apparently. Now this gave me some uneasiness, I confess. I knew that this state of things must of necessity be accidental, because in this country all men were free and equal, and one person could not take to himself an advantage not accorded to all other individuals. I knew that, and yet in spite of it I was uneasy."},{"id":"id22:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"And I grew still more uneasy, when I found that any succored and befriended refugee from Ireland or elsewhere could stand up before that judge and swear away the life or liberty or character of a refugee from China; but that by the law of the land the Chinaman could not testify against the Irishman. I was really and truly uneasy, but still my faith in the universal liberty that America accords and defends, and my deep veneration for the land that offered all distressed outcasts a home and protection, was strong within me, and I said to myself that it would all come out right yet."},{"id":"id22:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"AH SONG HI."},{"id":"id21:0","kind":"heading","text":"LETTER VII"},{"id":"id21:1","kind":"heading","text":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—."},{"id":"id21:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"DEAR CHING FOO: I was glad enough when my case came up. An hour's experience had made me as tired of the police court as of the dungeon. I was not uneasy about the result of the trial, but on the contrary felt that as soon as the large auditory of Americans present should hear how that the rowdies had set the dogs on me when I was going peacefully along the street, and how, when I was all torn and bleeding, the officers arrested me and put me in jail and let the rowdies go free, the gallant hatred of oppression which is part of the very flesh and blood of every American would be stirred to its utmost, and I should be instantly set at liberty. In truth I began to fear for the other side. There in full view stood the ruffians who had misused me, and I began to fear that in the first burst of generous anger occasioned by the revealment of what they had done, they might be harshly handled, and possibly even banished the country as having dishonoured her and being no longer worthy to remain upon her sacred soil."},{"id":"id21:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"The official interpreter of the court asked my name, and then spoke it aloud so that all could hear. Supposing that all was now ready, I cleared my throat and began—in Chinese, because of my imperfect English:"},{"id":"id21:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"\"Hear, O high and mighty mandarin, and believe! As I went about my peaceful business in the street, behold certain men set a dog on me, and—"},{"id":"id21:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"\"Silence!\""},{"id":"id21:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"It was the judge that spoke. The interpreter whispered to me that I must keep perfectly still. He said that no statement would be received from me—I must only talk through my lawyer."},{"id":"id21:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"I had no lawyer. In the early morning a police court lawyer (termed, in the higher circles of society, a \"shyster\") had come into our den in the prison and offered his services to me, but I had been obliged to go without them because I could not pay in advance or give security. I told the interpreter how the matter stood. He said I must take my chances on the witnesses then. I glanced around, and my failing confidence revived."},{"id":"id21:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"\"Call those four Chinamen yonder,\" I said. \"They saw it all. I remember their faces perfectly. They will prove that the white men set the dog on me when I was not harming them.\""},{"id":"id21:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"\"That won't work,\" said he. \"In this country white men can testify against Chinamen all they want to, but Chinamen ain't allowed to testify against white men!\""},{"id":"id21:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"What a chill went through me! And then I felt the indignant blood rise to my cheek at this libel upon the Home of the Oppressed, where all men are free and equal—perfectly equal—perfectly free and perfectly equal. I despised this Chinese-speaking Spaniard for his mean slander of the land that was sheltering and feeding him. I sorely wanted to sear his eyes with that sentence from the great and good American Declaration of Independence which we have copied in letters of gold in China and keep hung up over our family altars and in our temples—I mean the one about all men being created free and equal."},{"id":"id21:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"But woe is me, Ching Foo, the man was right. He was right, after all. There were my witnesses, but I could not use them. But now came a new hope. I saw my white friend come in, and I felt that he had come there purposely to help me. I may almost say I knew it. So I grew easier. He passed near enough to me to say under his breath, \"Don't be afraid,\" and then I had no more fear. But presently the rowdies recognised him and began to scowl at him in no friendly way, and to make threatening signs at him. The two officers that arrested me fixed their eyes steadily on his; he bore it well, but gave in presently, and dropped his eyes. They still gazed at his eyebrows, and every time he raised his eyes he encountered their winkless stare—until after a minute or two he ceased to lift his head at all. The judge had been giving some instructions privately to some one for a little while, but now he was ready to resume business. Then the trial so unspeakably important to me, and freighted with such prodigious consequence to my wife and children, began, progressed, ended, was recorded in the books, noted down by the newspaper reporters, and forgotten by everybody but me—all in the little space of two minutes!"},{"id":"id21:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"\"Ah Song Hi, Chinaman. Officers O'Flannigan and O'Flaherty, witnesses. Come forward, Officer O'Flannigan.\""},{"id":"id21:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"OFFICER—\"He was making a disturbance in Kearny street.\""},{"id":"id21:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"JUDGE—\"Any witnesses on the other side?\" No response. The white friend raised his eyes—encountered Officer O'Flaherty's—blushed a little—got up and left the courtroom, avoiding all glances and not taking his own from the floor."},{"id":"id21:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"JUDGE—\"Give him five dollars or ten days.\""}],"toc":[{"id":"id28:0:1","label":"GOLDSMITH'S FRIEND ABROAD AGAIN By Mark Twain","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id27:0:1","label":"LETTER I","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id27:1:1","label":"SHANGHAI, 18—.","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id26:0:1","label":"LETTER II","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id26:1:1","label":"AT SEA, 18—.","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id25:0:1","label":"LETTER III","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id25:1:1","label":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi#reader-content"},{"id":"id24:0:2","label":"LETTER IV","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id24:1:2","label":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id23:0:3","label":"LETTER V","page":3,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=3#reader-content"},{"id":"id23:1:3","label":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.","page":3,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=3#reader-content"},{"id":"id22:0:4","label":"LETTER VI","page":4,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=4#reader-content"},{"id":"id22:1:4","label":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.","page":4,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=4#reader-content"},{"id":"id21:0:5","label":"LETTER VII","page":5,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=5#reader-content"},{"id":"id21:1:5","label":"SAN FRANCISCO, 18—.","page":5,"pageUrl":"/books/2naeoLEi?page=5#reader-content"}]},"similarBooks":[{"idCatalog":186027,"shortId":"34aNnYdh","title":"Триумфальная арка","authorLine":"Эрих Мария Ремарк, Михаил Львович Рудницкий","primaryAuthorId":"5b4f5fdd-2a81-102a-9ae1-2dfe723fe7c7","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-litres-public/content/8f2187be-a441-11e7-a9a5-0cc47a5453d6/thumbs/400.webp","publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/books/34aNnYdh"},{"idCatalog":7883,"shortId":"1X1cCKnN","title":"Крестный отец","authorLine":"Марио Пьюзо, Мария Иосифовна Кан","primaryAuthorId":"f652f6c4-2a81-102a-9ae1-2dfe723fe7c7","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-litres-public/content/4a1f6a32-4a51-11e5-87ef-0025905a06ea/thumbs/400.webp","publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/books/1X1cCKnN"},{"idCatalog":95060,"shortId":"4IFEBf1G","title":"Цитадель","authorLine":"Арчибальд Джозеф Кронин, Мария Ефимовна Абкина","primaryAuthorId":"d4ac1332-2a82-102a-9ae1-2dfe723fe7c7","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-litres-public/content/4B151CA9-0571-4AE4-B235-D73F50F33D46/thumbs/400.webp","publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/books/4IFEBf1G"},{"idCatalog":13186,"shortId":"3WgeijkS","title":"Замок Броуди","authorLine":"Арчибальд Джозеф Кронин, Мария Ефимовна Абкина","primaryAuthorId":"d4ac1332-2a82-102a-9ae1-2dfe723fe7c7","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-litres-public/content/db4e8919-f876-4733-9623-94fbd24087bb/thumbs/400.webp","publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/books/3WgeijkS"},{"idCatalog":355251,"shortId":"2j5m32oj","title":"Сага о Форсайтах","authorLine":"Джон Голсуорси, Наталья Альбертовна Волжина, Мария Павловна Богословская, Мария Федоровна Лорие","primaryAuthorId":"8d817d86-2a82-102a-9ae1-2dfe723fe7c7","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-litres-public/content/cc40f15d-dcbc-11ea-81b5-0cc47a5f137d/thumbs/400.webp","publicUrl":"https://bookra.app/books/2j5m32oj"},{"idCatalog":265186,"shortId":"1SsD5BbE","title":"Три любви","authorLine":"Арчибальд Джозеф Кронин, Ирина В. 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