Всеобщая история пиратства

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Книга описывает жизни известных пиратов, их походы, политические и социальные аспекты, а также влияние пиратства на международные отношения. Автор раскрывает как мужские, так и женские фигуры, включая Энн Бонни и Мэри Рид. 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Хитрый и коварный, использует обман для привлечения матросов и захвата богатств. В тексте описывается его участие в захвате «Ганга» и другие пиратские действия.","Капитан Мартел — Захватывал множество судов в Карибах, расширял флот и сталкивался с британскими властями.","Эдвард Тич — Бристольский моряк, который стал пиратом после передачи шлюпа Хорниголдом. Он известен своей жестокостью, хитростью и умением манипулировать властями.","Капитан Рэкхэм — Бывший офицер, который настоял на абордаже французского военного корабля и стал капитаном после низложения Вейна.","Мэри Рид — Участвовала в пиратских приключениях, упомянута в аннотации. Скрывала свой пол, служила в армии, вышла замуж, затем стала пираткой, участвовала в боях и была осуждена.","Энн Бонни — Участвовала в пиратских приключениях, упомянута в аннотации.","Капитан Инглэнд — Требует от Дэвиса подписать пиратский договор, но после отказа назначает его капитаном.","Капитан Дэвис — Смелый и решительный, отказывается от пиратства, но позже присоединяется к нему, чтобы получить работу и власть.","Капитан Холфорд — Старый буканьер, который спас Вейна, но позже арестовал его.","Капитан Баррет — Поймал Рэкхэма и его команду, привез их в Порт-Роял.","Капитан Роджерс — Отказывается от капитанства, что приводит к конфликту с Дэвисом."]},{"key":"quotes","title":"Цитаты","body":["Война, торговля и пиратство – три вида сущности одной.","Пиратство до самых последних времен его официального признания было связано с работорговлей.","Не бывало средь отважных искателей приключений человека, который вызвал бы в свое время столько разговоров, как капитан Эвери.","Он был человеком не столько храбрым, сколько хитрым и коварным.","«Месть королевы Анны»","«Черная Борода»","Пираты – я имею в виду тех, что на «Кассандре», капитаном коих был теперь Тейлор, – оснастили португальский военный корабль и решились еще на один поход в Индию.","«Капитан Вейн, увидев сие, был крайне тем раздражен и поднял паруса на своем шлюпе, дабы преследовать напарника»","«Капитан Рэкхэм был избран капитаном бригантины вместо Вейна и направился к Карибским островам»","Мэри Рид родилась в Англии, мать ее молоденькой девушкой вышла замуж за человека, который имел отношение к морю и, уйдя в плавание вскоре после женитьбы, оставил ее тяжелой, и она разрешилась мальчиком."]}],"authorSummary":{"key":"authorSummary","title":"Сводка по автору из Wikidata","body":"1660–1731. 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и его товарищей, с описанием того, какую смерть он принял в Англии."},{"id":"id4253:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Чарлз Джонсон (Даниэль Дефо)"},{"id":"id4253:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"Предисловие"},{"id":"id4253:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Эвери"},{"id":"id4253:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Мартела"},{"id":"id4253:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Тича"},{"id":"id4253:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь майора Боннета"},{"id":"id4253:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Инглэнда"},{"id":"id4253:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Вейна"},{"id":"id4253:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Рэкхэма"},{"id":"id4253:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь Мэри Рид"},{"id":"id4253:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь Красотки Энн"},{"id":"id4253:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"Жизнь капитана Дэвиса"},{"id":"id4253:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"Описание островов Сан-Томе, Дель Принсипи и Аннобоно"},{"id":"id4253:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложения"},{"id":"id4253:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложение 1"},{"id":"id4253:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложение 2"},{"id":"id4253:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложение 3"},{"id":"id4253:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"Приложение 4"},{"id":"id4253:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"notes"},{"id":"id4253:21","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id4253:22","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id4253:23","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id4253:24","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id4253:25","kind":"paragraph","text":"5"},{"id":"id4253:26","kind":"paragraph","text":"6"},{"id":"id4253:27","kind":"paragraph","text":"7"},{"id":"id4253:28","kind":"paragraph","text":"8"},{"id":"id4253:29","kind":"paragraph","text":"9"},{"id":"id4253:30","kind":"paragraph","text":"10"},{"id":"id4253:31","kind":"paragraph","text":"11"},{"id":"id4253:32","kind":"paragraph","text":"12"},{"id":"id4253:33","kind":"paragraph","text":"13"},{"id":"id4253:34","kind":"paragraph","text":"14"},{"id":"id4253:35","kind":"paragraph","text":"15"},{"id":"id4253:36","kind":"paragraph","text":"16"},{"id":"id4253:37","kind":"paragraph","text":"17"},{"id":"id4253:38","kind":"paragraph","text":"18"},{"id":"id4253:39","kind":"paragraph","text":"19"},{"id":"id4253:40","kind":"paragraph","text":"20"},{"id":"id4253:41","kind":"paragraph","text":"21"},{"id":"id4253:42","kind":"paragraph","text":"22"},{"id":"id4253:43","kind":"paragraph","text":"23"},{"id":"id4253:44","kind":"paragraph","text":"24"},{"id":"id4253:45","kind":"paragraph","text":"25"},{"id":"id4253:46","kind":"paragraph","text":"26"},{"id":"id4253:47","kind":"paragraph","text":"27"},{"id":"id4253:48","kind":"paragraph","text":"28"},{"id":"id4253:49","kind":"paragraph","text":"29"},{"id":"id4253:50","kind":"paragraph","text":"30"},{"id":"id4253:51","kind":"paragraph","text":"31"},{"id":"id4253:52","kind":"paragraph","text":"32"},{"id":"id4253:53","kind":"paragraph","text":"33"},{"id":"id4253:54","kind":"paragraph","text":"34"},{"id":"id4253:55","kind":"paragraph","text":"35"},{"id":"id4253:56","kind":"paragraph","text":"36"},{"id":"id4253:57","kind":"paragraph","text":"37"},{"id":"id4253:58","kind":"paragraph","text":"38"},{"id":"id4253:59","kind":"paragraph","text":"39"},{"id":"id4253:60","kind":"paragraph","text":"40"},{"id":"id4253:61","kind":"paragraph","text":"41"},{"id":"id4253:62","kind":"paragraph","text":"42"},{"id":"id4253:63","kind":"paragraph","text":"43"},{"id":"id4253:64","kind":"paragraph","text":"44"},{"id":"id4253:65","kind":"paragraph","text":"45"},{"id":"id4253:66","kind":"paragraph","text":"46"},{"id":"id4253:67","kind":"paragraph","text":"47"},{"id":"id4253:68","kind":"paragraph","text":"48"},{"id":"id4253:69","kind":"paragraph","text":"49"},{"id":"id4253:70","kind":"paragraph","text":"50"},{"id":"id4253:71","kind":"paragraph","text":"51"},{"id":"id4253:72","kind":"paragraph","text":"52"},{"id":"id4253:73","kind":"paragraph","text":"53"},{"id":"id4253:74","kind":"paragraph","text":"54"},{"id":"id4253:75","kind":"paragraph","text":"55"},{"id":"id4253:76","kind":"paragraph","text":"56"},{"id":"id4253:77","kind":"paragraph","text":"57"},{"id":"id4253:78","kind":"paragraph","text":"58"},{"id":"id4253:79","kind":"paragraph","text":"59"},{"id":"id4253:80","kind":"paragraph","text":"60"},{"id":"id4253:81","kind":"paragraph","text":"61"},{"id":"id4253:82","kind":"paragraph","text":"62"},{"id":"id4253:83","kind":"paragraph","text":"63"},{"id":"id4253:84","kind":"paragraph","text":"64"},{"id":"id4253:85","kind":"paragraph","text":"65"},{"id":"id4253:86","kind":"paragraph","text":"66"},{"id":"id4253:87","kind":"paragraph","text":"67"},{"id":"id4253:88","kind":"paragraph","text":"68"},{"id":"id4253:89","kind":"paragraph","text":"69"},{"id":"id4253:90","kind":"paragraph","text":"70"},{"id":"id4253:91","kind":"paragraph","text":"71"},{"id":"id4253:92","kind":"paragraph","text":"72"},{"id":"id4253:93","kind":"paragraph","text":"73"},{"id":"id4253:94","kind":"paragraph","text":"74"},{"id":"id4253:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"75"},{"id":"id4253:96","kind":"paragraph","text":"76"},{"id":"id4253:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"77"},{"id":"id4253:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"78"},{"id":"id4253:99","kind":"paragraph","text":"79"},{"id":"id4253:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"80"},{"id":"id4253:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"81"},{"id":"id4253:102","kind":"paragraph","text":"82"},{"id":"id4253:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"83"},{"id":"id4253:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"84"},{"id":"id4253:105","kind":"paragraph","text":"85"},{"id":"id4253:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"86"},{"id":"id4253:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"87"},{"id":"id4253:108","kind":"paragraph","text":"88"},{"id":"id4253:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"89"},{"id":"id4253:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"90"},{"id":"id4253:111","kind":"paragraph","text":"91"},{"id":"id4253:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"92"},{"id":"id4253:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"93"},{"id":"id4253:114","kind":"paragraph","text":"94"},{"id":"id4253:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"95"},{"id":"id4253:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"96"},{"id":"id4253:117","kind":"paragraph","text":"97"},{"id":"id4253:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"98"},{"id":"id4253:119","kind":"paragr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Джонсон (Даниэль Дефо) Всеобщая история пиратов"},{"id":"id4251:0","kind":"heading","text":"Предисловие"},{"id":"id4251:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Война, торговля и пиратство –"},{"id":"id4251:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Три вида сущности одной."},{"id":"id4251:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"И. Гете. «Фауст»"},{"id":"id4251:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Даже малые дети, наверное, знают, что археологи ищут в земле остатки ушедшей жизни человечества. Осколки камня, которыми охотились и воевали, обрабатывали шкуры и жали урожай. Невзрачные обломки грубой глиняной посуды. Бесформенные развалины, бывшие когда-то стенами домов. Более эффектные внешне открытия случаются редко: обыденная жизнь и ее атрибуты во все времена многократно превышали количество праздников и необычайных предметов. И все же… Во всех археологических экспедициях, в которых мне приходилось участвовать (а их было более десятка – в Молдавии, на Украине, на Кавказе и даже в Летнем саду, в самом сердце невской столицы), к раскопу всегда наведывались жители близлежащих окрестностей, если, конечно, в пределах горизонта кто-то жил. Некоторое время гости тихонько стояли на краю ямы, в которой копошились покрытые пылью трудяги. И когда кто-то разгибал ноющую спину и нетвердой походкой направлялся к жестяному молочному бидону за глотком теплой, безвкусной воды, завязывался короткий и как бы шуточный разговор – всегда один и тот же:"},{"id":"id4251:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"– Здравствуйте. Копаете, значит? И как, много золота нашли?"},{"id":"id4251:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"Сначала меня это веселило. Потом раздражало. И только много позже я понял, что этот сакраментальный вопрос был продиктован не алчностью, не невежеством и даже не совсем любопытством. Просто в каждом из нас, даже самом циничном и ожесточенном годами рутинной, изматывающей борьбы за выживание, сидит неистребимый романтик с огромными голубыми глазами. И ему совсем не важно, что можно купить на то золото, о котором он спросил: само звучание слова «сокровища» отдается где-то внутри аккордом столь сладостным и тонким, что низменные материи далеки от них, как земная поверхность от источника музыки сфер…"},{"id":"id4251:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Я видел нестерпимо сияющие глаза ребятишек, толпившихся у невских парапетов в дни регаты «Катти Сарк»: сквозь отражения пестрых парусов в глазах этих плескалась та же романтическая голубизна неповторимого оттенка теплых тропических морей. А в знакомый аккорд вплетались обертона звенящего вантами пассата и змеиного шипения распоротой килем тяжелой волны, клекота неупокоенных моряцких душ в поднебесье и заклинаний много повидавшей диковинной птицы, бормочущей над ухом в ночи:"},{"id":"id4251:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"– Пиастр-ры! Пиастр-ры! Пиастр-ры!"},{"id":"id4251:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"Потому и привлекает тема пиратов «классического» периода на самом исходе кровавого века двух мировых войн, и наверняка еще будет привлекать многие поколения подрастающих романтиков с огромными голубыми глазами: таинственные клады, дальние моря, паруса, звон шпаг, волевые мужчины и их царственно возвышенные дамы сердца, возведенные в рыцарское достоинство сэр Френсис Дрейк и сэр Генри Морган… Феерическая легенда, сотканная Байроном, По, Саббатини и многими, многими другими, одухотворена и гармонична как раз настолько, чтобы побуждать свернутые за нашими спинами крылья к полету, а стоящий за нею силуэт Последнего Кредитора с косой ровно настолько призрачен и не страшен, чтобы кровь пиратских жертв представлялась не более чем клюквенным соком. И даже антагонисты «благородных разбойников», с черными повязками, деревянными ногами и патологически злобным нравом, со времен Стивенсона, Сю и Конан Дойля вполне вписываются в общую картину: в конце концов, «хорошие парни» побеждают «плохих парней», а добродетель, как и положено, торжествует. В рассуждении возвышенных движений души, которых так не хватает в наше прагматическое время (впрочем, какое время не прагматично?), весь этот миф прекрасен и необходим, и грешно было бы мне, который и сейчас не упустит случая насладиться хорошим «пиратским» романом, пытаться его развенчать. Однако книга, которую вы сейчас держите в руках, совсем иного свойства. И в нашем предисловии речь тоже пойдет совсем о другом."},{"id":"id4251:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"Обычно представление о феномене пиратства устойчиво связано с XVI – XVIII веками – тем временем, которое чуть выше было названо «классическим». Однако в действительности его возникновение теряется в глубине веков. Само слово «пират» прочно вошло в лексикон древнегреческих обывателей века за четыре до нашей эры, но у него были предшественники, а пиратскими актами не брезговали еще герои греческих мифов – Минос, Одиссей, Геракл, Ясон… Пиратское ремесло уже тогда было столь же обыденно, как землепашество или скотоводство, отличаясь от них разве что большей степенью риска, а в бюджете (как мы бы теперь сказали) многих средиземноморских городов-государств нередко играло даже более существенную роль: тот же минойский Крит, к примеру, во многом жил за счет морского разбоя."},{"id":"id4251:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"Более того, в римских Дигестах (сборниках законов), в одном из законов, который дошел до римского права еще от времен древнегреческого мудреца Солона, перечисляются три морские «специализации» – мореходы, купцы и пираты. Добавим от себя: не просто три равноправные профессии, а три ипостаси одного морского дела, и быть ли в открытом море дичью или охотником, зависело исключительно от обстоятельств и в античности, и, как мы увидим далее, в «просвещенные» века."}],"toc":[{"id":"id4253:0:1","label":"Annotation","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH#reader-content"},{"id":"id4252:0:1","label":"Чарлз Джонсон (Даниэль Дефо) Всеобщая история пиратов","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH#reader-content"},{"id":"id4251:0:1","label":"Предисловие","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH#reader-content"},{"id":"id4250:0:6","label":"Жизнь капитана Эвери","page":6,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH?page=6#reader-content"},{"id":"id4249:0:11","label":"Жизнь капитана Мартела","page":11,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH?page=11#reader-content"},{"id":"id4248:0:13","label":"Жизнь капитана Тича","page":13,"pageUrl":"/books/49WSKcDH?page=13#reader-content"},{"id":"id4247:0:18","label":"Жизнь майора 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