Сказка бочки

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В книге дана сатира на всё, что Свифт считал устаревшим, изжившим себя или вредным в литературе, науке и религии. Это, в сущности, широкий пародийный и сатирический обзор духовной жизни Англии, да и всей Европы XVII века, в которой автор определяет свою позицию и место. Это книга непочтительная к признанным мнениям и авторитетам, смелая до дерзости, молодой задор сочетается в ней с удивительным для начинающего писателя мастерством, здесь поистине узнаёшь молодого льва по когтям. Но для того, чтобы вполне оценить эту сатиру, надо либо иметь некоторое представление о тех предметах и книгах, которые пародируются, либо постоянно заглядывать в комментарии. Это нелёгкое чтение, и, может быть, поэтому «Сказка бочки» менее известна широкому читателю и не в полной мере оценена им."},{"id":"id8247:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Джонатан Свифт"},{"id":"id8247:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"АПОЛОГИЯ АВТОРА"},{"id":"id8247:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"ДОСТОПОЧТЕННОМУ ДЖОНУ ЛОРДУ СОММЕРСУ"},{"id":"id8247:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"КНИГОПРОДАВЕЦ ЧИТАТЕЛЮ"},{"id":"id8247:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"ПОСВЯТИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПОСЛАНИЕ"},{"id":"id8247:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ"},{"id":"id8247:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"СКАЗКА БОЧКИ"},{"id":"id8247:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ I"},{"id":"id8247:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ II"},{"id":"id8247:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ III"},{"id":"id8247:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ IV"},{"id":"id8247:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ V"},{"id":"id8247:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ VI"},{"id":"id8247:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ VII"},{"id":"id8247:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ VIII"},{"id":"id8247:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ IX"},{"id":"id8247:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ X"},{"id":"id8247:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"РАЗДЕЛ XI"},{"id":"id8247:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ"},{"id":"id8247:21","kind":"paragraph","text":"ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ"},{"id":"id8247:22","kind":"paragraph","text":"notes"},{"id":"id8247:23","kind":"paragraph","text":"1"},{"id":"id8247:24","kind":"paragraph","text":"2"},{"id":"id8247:25","kind":"paragraph","text":"3"},{"id":"id8247:26","kind":"paragraph","text":"4"},{"id":"id8247:27","kind":"paragraph","text":"5"},{"id":"id8247:28","kind":"paragraph","text":"6"},{"id":"id8247:29","kind":"paragraph","text":"7"},{"id":"id8247:30","kind":"paragraph","text":"8"},{"id":"id8247:31","kind":"paragraph","text":"9"},{"id":"id8247:32","kind":"paragraph","text":"10"},{"id":"id8247:33","kind":"paragraph","text":"11"},{"id":"id8247:34","kind":"paragraph","text":"12"},{"id":"id8247:35","kind":"paragraph","text":"13"},{"id":"id8247:36","kind":"paragraph","text":"14"},{"id":"id8247:37","kind":"paragraph","text":"15"},{"id":"id8247:38","kind":"paragraph","text":"16"},{"id":"id8247:39","kind":"paragraph","text":"17"},{"id":"id8247:40","kind":"paragraph","text":"18"},{"id":"id8247:41","kind":"paragraph","text":"19"},{"id":"id8247:42","kind":"paragraph","text":"20"},{"id":"id8247:43","kind":"paragraph","text":"21"},{"id":"id8247:44","kind":"paragraph","text":"22"},{"id":"id8247:45","kind":"paragraph","text":"23"},{"id":"id8247:46","kind":"paragraph","text":"24"},{"id":"id8247:47","kind":"paragraph","text":"25"},{"id":"id8247:48","kind":"paragraph","text":"26"},{"id":"id8247:49","kind":"paragraph","text":"27"},{"id":"id8247:50","kind":"paragraph","text":"28"},{"id":"id8247:51","kind":"paragraph","text":"29"},{"id":"id8247:52","kind":"paragraph","text":"30"},{"id":"id8247:53","kind":"paragraph","text":"31"},{"id":"id8247:54","kind":"paragraph","text":"32"},{"id":"id8247:55","kind":"paragraph","text":"33"},{"id":"id8247:56","kind":"paragraph","text":"34"},{"id":"id8247:57","kind":"paragraph","text":"35"},{"id":"id8247:58","kind":"paragraph","text":"36"},{"id":"id8247:59","kind":"paragraph","text":"37"},{"id":"id8247:60","kind":"paragraph","text":"38"},{"id":"id8247:61","kind":"paragraph","text":"39"},{"id":"id8247:62","kind":"paragraph","text":"40"},{"id":"id8247:63","kind":"paragraph","text":"41"},{"id":"id8247:64","kind":"paragraph","text":"42"},{"id":"id8247:65","kind":"paragraph","text":"43"},{"id":"id8247:66","kind":"paragraph","text":"44"},{"id":"id8247:67","kind":"paragraph","text":"45"},{"id":"id8247:68","kind":"paragraph","text":"46"},{"id":"id8247:69","kind":"paragraph","text":"47"},{"id":"id8247:70","kind":"paragraph","text":"48"},{"id":"id8247:71","kind":"paragraph","text":"49"},{"id":"id8247:72","kind":"paragraph","text":"50"},{"id":"id8247:73","kind":"paragraph","text":"51"},{"id":"id8247:74","kind":"paragraph","text":"52"},{"id":"id8247:75","kind":"paragraph","text":"53"},{"id":"id8247:76","kind":"paragraph","text":"54"},{"id":"id8247:77","kind":"paragraph","text":"55"},{"id":"id8247:78","kind":"paragraph","text":"56"},{"id":"id8247:79","kind":"paragraph","text":"57"},{"id":"id8247:80","kind":"paragraph","text":"58"},{"id":"id8247:81","kind":"paragraph","text":"59"},{"id":"id8247:82","kind":"paragraph","text":"60"},{"id":"id8247:83","kind":"paragraph","text":"61"},{"id":"id8247:84","kind":"paragraph","text":"62"},{"id":"id8247:85","kind":"paragraph","text":"63"},{"id":"id8247:86","kind":"paragraph","text":"64"},{"id":"id8247:87","kind":"paragraph","text":"65"},{"id":"id8247:88","kind":"paragraph","text":"66"},{"id":"id8247:89","kind":"paragraph","text":"67"},{"id":"id8247:90","kind":"paragraph","text":"68"},{"id":"id8247:91","kind":"paragraph","text":"69"},{"id":"id8247:92","kind":"paragraph","text":"70"},{"id":"id8247:93","kind":"paragraph","text":"71"},{"id":"id8247:94","kind":"paragraph","text":"72"},{"id":"id8247:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"73"},{"id":"id8247:96","kind":"paragraph","text":"74"},{"id":"id8247:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"75"},{"id":"id8247:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"76"},{"id":"id8247:99","kind":"paragraph","text":"77"},{"id":"id8247:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"78"},{"id":"id8247:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"79"},{"id":"id8247:102","kind":"paragraph","text":"80"},{"id":"id8247:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"81"},{"id":"id8247:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"82"},{"id":"id8247:105","kind":"paragraph","text":"83"},{"id":"id8247:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"84"},{"id":"id8247:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"85"},{"id":"id8247:108","kind":"paragraph","text":"86"},{"id":"id8247:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"87"},{"id":"id8247:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"88"},{"id":"id8247:111","kind":"paragraph","text":"89"},{"id":"id8247:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"90"},{"id":"id8247:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"91"},{"id":"id8247:114","kind":"paragraph","text":"92"},{"id":"id8247:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"93"},{"id":"id8247:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"94"},{"id":"id8247:117","kind":"paragraph","text":"95"},{"id":"id8247:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"96"},{"id":"id8247:11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Свифт Сказка бочки"},{"id":"id8246:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Diu multumque desideratum."},{"id":"id8246:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Basima eacabasa eanaa irraurista,"},{"id":"id8246:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"diarba da caeotaba fobor camelanthi."},{"id":"id8246:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Iren. Lib I. c. 18."},{"id":"id8246:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Juvatque novos decerpere flores,"},{"id":"id8246:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"Insignemque meo capiti petere inde coronam,"},{"id":"id8246:7","kind":"paragraph","text":"Unde prius nulli velarunt tempora Musae."},{"id":"id8246:8","kind":"paragraph","text":"Lucret."},{"id":"id8246:9","kind":"paragraph","text":"Труды того же автора, большая часть которых упоминается в настоящем сочинении; они будут изданы в самом непродолжительном времени."},{"id":"id8246:10","kind":"paragraph","text":"Характер теперешнего поколения умников на нашем острове."},{"id":"id8246:11","kind":"paragraph","text":"Панегирическое рассуждение о числе ТРИ."},{"id":"id8246:12","kind":"paragraph","text":"Диссертация о главных предметах производства лондонской Граб-стрит."},{"id":"id8246:13","kind":"paragraph","text":"Лекции о рассечении человеческой природы."},{"id":"id8246:14","kind":"paragraph","text":"Панегирик человеческому роду."},{"id":"id8246:15","kind":"paragraph","text":"Аналитическое рассуждение о рвении, рассмотренном историтео-физи-логически."},{"id":"id8246:16","kind":"paragraph","text":"Всеобщая история ушей."},{"id":"id8246:17","kind":"paragraph","text":"Скромная защита поведения черни во все времена."},{"id":"id8246:18","kind":"paragraph","text":"Описание королевства нелепостей."},{"id":"id8246:19","kind":"paragraph","text":"Путешествие в Англию высокопоставленной особы из Terra Australis incognita1, переведённое с подлинника."},{"id":"id8246:20","kind":"paragraph","text":"Критическое исследование искусства говорить нараспев, рассмотренного философски, физически и музыкально."},{"id":"id8245:0","kind":"heading","text":"АПОЛОГИЯ АВТОРА"},{"id":"id8245:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Если бы доброта и злоба оказывали на людей одинаковое влияние, я мог бы избавить себя от труда писать эту апологию, ибо приём, оказанный моему сочинению, ясно показывает, что огромное большинство людей со вкусом высказалось в его пользу. Всё же появилось два или три трактата, написанные явно против него, не считая множества мимоходом брошенных колких замечаний по его адресу; в защиту же моего произведения не было напечатано ни одной строчки, и я не могу припомнить ни одного сочувственного отзыва о нём, если не считать недавно напечатанного одним образованным автором разговора между деистом и социнианцем."},{"id":"id8245:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"Поэтому, раз моей книге суждено жить до тех пор, по крайней мере, покуда язык наш и наши вкусы не подвергнутся сколько-нибудь значительным изменениям, я готов привести несколько соображений в защиту её."},{"id":"id8245:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"Большая часть этой книги была написана лет тринадцать назад, в 1696 году, то есть за восемь лет до её выхода в свет. Автор был тогда молод, горазд на выдумку, всё прочитанное им было свежо в голове. При содействии собственных размышлений и многочисленных бесед он старался, насколько мог, освободиться от действительных предрассудков; я говорю действительных, ибо автору известно было, до каких опасных крайностей доходят иные люди под видом борьбы с предрассудками. Подготовленный таким образом, он пришёл к мысли, что множество грубых извращений в религии и науке могут послужить материалом для сатиры, которая была бы и полезна и забавна. Он решил пойти совершенно новым путём, так как публике давно уже опротивело читать одно и то же. Извращения в области религии он задумал изложить в форме аллегорического рассказа о кафтанах и трёх братьях, который должен был составить основу повествования; извращения же в области науки предпочёл изобразить в отступлениях. Был он тогда юношей, много вращавшимся в свете, и писал во вкусе подобных ему людей; и чтоб им понравиться, он дал своему перу волю, неподобающую в более зрелом возрасте и при более серьёзном складе ума; всё это легко было бы исправить при помощи очень немногих помарок, будь рукопись в распоряжении автора год или два до её опубликования."},{"id":"id8245:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Но в своих суждениях автор вовсе не хотел бы считаться с нелепыми придирками злобных, завистливых и лишённых вкуса глупцов, о которых упоминает с презрением. Автор признаёт, что в книге его содержится несколько юношеских выходок, заслуживающих порицания со стороны людей серьёзных и умных. Однако он желает нести ответственность лишь в меру своей вины и возражает против того, чтобы его ошибки умножались невежественным, чрезмерным и недоброжелательным усердием людей, лишённых и беспристрастия, чтоб допустить добрые намерения, и чутья, чтоб распознать намерения истинные. Сделав эти оговорки, автор готов поплатиться жизнью, если из его книги будет добросовестно выведено хоть одно положение, противоречащее религии или нравственности."},{"id":"id8245:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"С какой стати духовенству нашей церкви негодовать по поводу изображения, хотя бы даже в самом смешном виде, нелепостей фанатизма и суеверия? Ведь это может быть самый верный путь излечиться от них или, по крайней мере, помешать их дальнейшему распространению. Кроме того, книга эта хоть и не предназначалась для священников, однако осмеивает лишь то, против чего сами они выступают в своих проповедях. В ней не содержится ничего, что задевало бы их, ни малейшей грубой выходки против их личности и их профессии. Она восхваляет англиканскую церковь, как самую совершенную среди всех в отношении благочиния и догматики; не высказывает ни одного мнения, которое эта церковь отвергает, и не осуждает ничего, что она приемлет. Если духовенство искало, на кого излить свой гнев, то, по моему скромному мнению, оно могло найти для себя более подходящие объекты: nondum tibi defuit hostis2; я разумею тех тупых, невежественных писак, известных своей продажностью, ведущих порочный образ жизни и промотавших своё состояние, которых, к стыду здравого смысла и благочестия, жадно читают просто по причине дерзости, лживости и нечестивости их утверждений, перемешанных с грубыми оскорблениями по адресу духовенства и явно направленных против всякой религии; словом, полных тех принципов, что встречают самый радушный приём, так как ставят своей целью рассеять все ужасы, которые, как внушает людям религия, явятся возмездием за безнравственную жизнь. Ничего похожего нельзя встретить в настоящем сочинении, хотя некоторые из этих господ с величайшей охотой набрасываются на него. Желательно, чтобы представители этой почтенной корпорации тоньше разбирались в том, кто их враг и кто друг."}],"toc":[{"id":"id8247:0:1","label":"Annotation","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9#reader-content"},{"id":"id8246:0:1","label":"Джонатан Свифт Сказка бочки","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9#reader-content"},{"id":"id8245:0:1","label":"АПОЛОГИЯ АВТОРА","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9#reader-content"},{"id":"id8244:0:5","label":"ДОСТОПОЧТЕННОМУ ДЖОНУ ЛОРДУ СОММЕРСУ","page":5,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=5#reader-content"},{"id":"id8243:0:6","label":"КНИГОПРОДАВЕЦ ЧИТАТЕЛЮ","page":6,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=6#reader-content"},{"id":"id8242:0:6","label":"ПОСВЯТИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПОСЛАНИЕ ЕГО КОРОЛЕВСКОМУ ВЫСОЧЕСТВУ ПРИНЦУ ПОТОМСТВУ11","page":6,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=6#reader-content"},{"id":"id8241:0:8","label":"ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ","page":8,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=8#reader-content"},{"id":"id8240:0:10","label":"СКАЗКА БОЧКИ","page":10,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=10#reader-content"},{"id":"id8239:0:10","label":"РАЗДЕЛ I ВВЕДЕНИЕ","page":10,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=10#reader-content"},{"id":"id8238:0:13","label":"РАЗДЕЛ II СКАЗКА БОЧКИ","page":13,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=13#reader-content"},{"id":"id8237:0:16","label":"РАЗДЕЛ III ОТСТУПЛЕНИЕ КАСАТЕЛЬНО КРИТИКОВ","page":16,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=16#reader-content"},{"id":"id8236:0:18","label":"РАЗДЕЛ IV СКАЗКА БОЧКИ","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id8235:0:20","label":"РАЗДЕЛ V ОТСТУПЛЕНИЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РОДЕ","page":20,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=20#reader-content"},{"id":"id8234:0:22","label":"РАЗДЕЛ VI СКАЗКА БОЧКИ","page":22,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=22#reader-content"},{"id":"id8233:0:24","label":"РАЗДЕЛ VII ОТСТУПЛЕНИЕ В ПОХВАЛУ ОТСТУПЛЕНИЙ","page":24,"pageUrl":"/books/1cxNbeR9?page=24#reader-content"},{"id":"id8232:0:25","label":"РАЗДЕЛ VIII СКАЗКА 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