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Tom Sawyer Abroad

Автор Марк Твен
12+
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Дата написания1970-01-01
Язык книгиen
Возрастное ограничение12+
Жанры
зарубежная классиказарубежная старинная литература

Описание

Том Сойер, после славы, стремится к новым приключениям и планирует воздушный полёт, сталкиваясь с конкуренцией, опасностями и моральными дилеммами, пока вместе с Хаком, Джимом и другими персонажами исследует пустыню, встречает обманчивого дервиша и учится ценить дружбу и честность.

Главный конфликт / проблема

Том стремится к славе и приключениям, сталкиваясь с конкуренцией, опасностями полёта и моральными дилеммами обмана, которые ставят под угрозу его дружбу и честность.

Ключевые идеи

  • Жажда приключений и поиск славы
  • Конкуренция и соперничество с Натом Парсонсом
  • Планирование воздушного путешествия как нового испытания
  • Страх и неопределённость в полёте
  • Сила дружбы и взаимопомощи
  • Путешествие в воздушном шаре открывает новые горизонты и заставляет героев пересмотреть свои представления о мире.
  • Пустыня представлена как загадочный и опасный ландшафт, где встречаются как природные, так и человеческие угрозы.
  • Грех и благородство: дервиш использует благородство для обмана.
  • Опыт как урок: история показывает, что опыт может быть как полезным, так и разрушительным.

Вывод

Книга показывает, что поиск славы и приключений может привести к опасностям, но дружба и честность помогают преодолеть трудности, а обман разрушает доверие и приводит к потере всего.

Кому полезна

  • Любители приключенческой литературы
  • Дети и подростки, интересующиеся моральными уроками
  • Читатели, ищущие вдохновение в дружбе и смелости

Главные темы

  • Приключения и поиск славы
  • Моральные уроки обмана и честности
  • Дружба и поддержка в опасных ситуациях

Персонажи

  • Том Сойер — Том стремится к славе и новым подвигам, конкурирует с Натом Парсонсом, планирует воздушный полёт. Проявляет решительность и любопытство, но иногда не понимает сложных понятий, как «великое небо». Он спорит с Джимом и Хаком, но в итоге принимает решения, спасающие группу, и обсуждает уроки с Джимом.
  • Джим — Джим участвует в полёте, отвечает за техническую сторону, часто спорит с Томом о понятиях и помогает принимать решения, но иногда теряет контроль. Он поддерживает Тома, проявляет страх, и обсуждает уроки с ним.
  • Хак Финн — Хак Финн скептически относится к идеям Тома, но участвует в полёте, задаёт вопросы, наблюдает за происходящим, иногда сомневается в реальности увиденного, но в итоге принимает участие в приключениях.
  • Профессор — Профессор упрямый и раздражённый, отказывается управлять шаром, в итоге падает.
  • Нат Парсонс — Нат Парсонс — старый человек, известный своими рассказами о путешествиях, конкурирует с Томом за внимание деревни.
  • Дервиш — Дервиш использует благородство и обман, чтобы получить сокровища и выгоду, дарует мазь, открывающую глаза, но в итоге обманывает водителя.
  • Кочевой водитель — Кочевой водитель сначала отказывается помогать, но позже соглашается, чтобы получить сокровища.

Цитаты

  • "Том Сойер, после славных путешествий по реке, ищет новые приключения, но сталкивается с конкуренцией и внутренним разочарованием."
  • "Том, несмотря на страх, проявляет решительность и спасает Джима, но сам остаётся в опасности."
  • "What is a metaphor?"
  • "It's a matter of proportion, that's what it is; and when you come to gauge a thing's speed by its size, where's your bird and your man and your railroad, alongside of a flea?"
  • «Господь сделал тебя богатым, а меня — бедным… Он хочет, чтобы богатые помогали бедным, и ты отверг меня, своего брата, в нужде, и Он помнит об этом, и ты потеряешь от этого».
  • «Я не держу ничего от тебя. Я не возражаю, если ты хочешь знать, что произойдет, если я нанесу это. Ты никогда больше не увидишь. Ты будешь слеп к остальным дням».

Сводка по автору из Wikidata

1835–1910. Mark Twain. американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель (1835–1910)

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Nat he jumped in and slammed the door, and away they went a-ripping and a-tearing over the roughest road a body ever see, and the racket of it was something awful. Nat passed his arms through the loops and hung on for life and death, but pretty soon the hack hit a rock and flew up in the air, and the bottom fell out, and when it come down Nat's feet was on the ground, and he see he was in the most desperate danger if he couldn't keep up with the hack. He was horrible scared, but he laid into his work for all he was worth, and hung tight to the arm-loops and made his legs fairly fly. He yelled and shouted to the driver to stop, and so did the crowds along the street, for they could see his legs spinning along under the coach, and his head and shoulders bobbing inside through the windows, and he was in awful danger; but the more they all shouted the more the nigger whooped and yelled and lashed the horses and shouted, "Don't you fret, I'se gwine to git you dah in time, boss; I's gwine to do it, sho'!" for you see he thought they were all hurrying him up, and, of course, he couldn't hear anything for the racket he was making. And so they went ripping along, and everybody just petrified to see it; and when they got to the Capitol at last it was the quickest trip that ever was made, and everybody said so. The horses laid down, and Nat dropped, all tuckered out, and he was all dust and rags and barefooted; but he was in time and just in time, and caught the President and give him the letter, and everything was all right, and the President give him a free pardon on the spot, and Nat give the nigger two extra quarters instead of one, because he could see that if he hadn't had the hack he wouldn't'a' got there in time, nor anywhere near it.

It WAS a powerful good adventure, and Tom Sawyer had to work his bullet-wound mighty lively to hold his own against it.

Well, by and by Tom's glory got to paling down gradu'ly, on account of other things turning up for the people to talk about—first a horse-race, and on top of that a house afire, and on top of that the circus, and on top of that the eclipse; and that started a revival, same as it always does, and by that time there wasn't any more talk about Tom, so to speak, and you never see a person so sick and disgusted.

Pretty soon he got to worrying and fretting right along day in and day out, and when I asked him what WAS he in such a state about, he said it 'most broke his heart to think how time was slipping away, and him getting older and older, and no wars breaking out and no way of making a name for himself that he could see. Now that is the way boys is always thinking, but he was the first one I ever heard come out and say it.

So then he set to work to get up a plan to make him celebrated; and pretty soon he struck it, and offered to take me and Jim in. Tom Sawyer was always free and generous that way. There's a-plenty of boys that's mighty good and friendly when YOU'VE got a good thing, but when a good thing happens to come their way they don't say a word to you, and try to hog it all. That warn't ever Tom Sawyer's way, I can say that for him. There's plenty of boys that will come hankering and groveling around you when you've got an apple and beg the core off of you; but when they've got one, and you beg for the core and remind them how you give them a core one time, they say thank you 'most to death, but there ain't a-going to be no core. But I notice they always git come up with; all you got to do is to wait.

Well, we went out in the woods on the hill, and Tom told us what it was. It was a crusade.

"What's a crusade?" I says.

He looked scornful, the way he's always done when he was ashamed of a person, and says:

"Huck Finn, do you mean to tell me you don't know what a crusade is?"

"No," says I, "I don't. And I don't care to, nuther. I've lived till now and done without it, and had my health, too. But as soon as you tell me, I'll know, and that's soon enough. I don't see any use in finding out things and clogging up my head with them when I mayn't ever have any occasion to use 'em. There was Lance Williams, he learned how to talk Choctaw here till one come and dug his grave for him. Now, then, what's a crusade? But I can tell you one thing before you begin; if it's a patent-right, there's no money in it. Bill Thompson he—"

"Patent-right!" says he. "I never see such an idiot. Why, a crusade is a kind of war."

I thought he must be losing his mind. But no, he was in real earnest, and went right on, perfectly ca'm.

"A crusade is a war to recover the Holy Land from the paynim."

"Which Holy Land?"

"Why, the Holy Land—there ain't but one."

"What do we want of it?"

"Why, can't you understand? It's in the hands of the paynim, and it's our duty to take it away from them."

"How did we come to let them git hold of it?"

"We didn't come to let them git hold of it. They always had it."

"Why, Tom, then it must belong to them, don't it?"

"Why of course it does. Who said it didn't?"

I studied over it, but couldn't seem to git at the right of it, no way. I says:

"It's too many for me, Tom Sawyer. If I had a farm and it was mine, and another person wanted it, would it be right for him to—"

"Oh, shucks! you don't know enough to come in when it rains, Huck Finn. It ain't a farm, it's entirely different. You see, it's like this. They own the land, just the mere land, and that's all they DO own; but it was our folks, our Jews and Christians, that made it holy, and so they haven't any business to be there defiling it. It's a shame, and we ought not to stand it a minute. We ought to march against them and take it away from them."

"Why, it does seem to me it's the most mixed-up thing I ever see! Now, if I had a farm and another person—"

"Don't I tell you it hasn't got anything to do with farming? Farming is business, just common low-down business: that's all it is, it's all you can say for it; but this is higher, this is religious, and totally different."

"Religious to go and take the land away from people that owns it?"

"Certainly; it's always been considered so."

Jim he shook his head, and says:

"Mars Tom, I reckon dey's a mistake about it somers—dey mos' sholy is. I's religious myself, en I knows plenty religious people, but I hain't run across none dat acts like dat."

It made Tom hot, and he says:

"Well, it's enough to make a body sick, such mullet-headed ignorance! If either of you'd read anything about history, you'd know that Richard Cur de Loon, and the Pope, and Godfrey de Bulleyn, and lots more of the most noble-hearted and pious people in the world, hacked and hammered at the paynims for more than two hundred years trying to take their land away from them, and swum neck-deep in blood the whole time—and yet here's a couple of sap-headed country yahoos out in the backwoods of Missouri setting themselves up to know more about the rights and wrongs of it than they did! Talk about cheek!"

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