Dzieci ulicy

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Читать бесплатно онлайн","description":"Полный текст книги «Dzieci ulicy». А также краткое содержание, главные мысли, конфликт, темы, персонажи, цитаты и ответы на вопросы.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":{"@id":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC#work"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/5cfa225c-aff4-11ea-a162-441ea14f7ef4/thumbs/1200.webp"}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Book","@id":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC#work","name":"Dzieci ulicy","url":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC","description":"Dzieci ulicy to powieściowy debiut Janusza Korczaka wydrukowany pierwotnie w gazecie (w 17 odcinkach). Książka ukazała się w roku publikacji prasowej (1901 r.). Przez lata nie była wznawiana i nieco zatarła się w pamięci czytelników i historyków literatury. Niedoskonałości warsztatowe powieści, choć jest ich trochę, nie zmieniają faktu, że opisuje w sposób niezwykły kawałek ówczesnej rzeczywistości.Narrator towarzyszy swoim bohaterom – dzieciom warszawskiej ulicy – w ich drodze życiowej. Razem z nimi zagłębia się w zaułki Powiśla, penetruje nadwiślańskie brzegi, kryminalne rewiry Pragi, obserwuje je przy pracy i zabawie, komentuje wybory życiowe lub ściślej mówiąc, brak możliwości ich dokonania. Niemal zawsze los dziecka ulicy jest już wytyczony – głód, bicie, praca ponad siły, alkohol, prostytucja, więzienie – i trudno się z tego błędnego koła wyrwać, zważywszy na społeczną obojętność. Niemniej, niemal przy minimalnym wysiłku nielicznych społeczników (hrabia Zarucki i jego siostra Irena) oraz wsparciu środowiska, niektórym się to udaje (Antek, Mania), inni mimo osobistych przymiotów skazani są na porażkę (Józiek Bzik).Powieść Korczaka jest ciekawa nie tylko ze względów historycznych czy socjologicznych. Wierne przedstawienie realiów warszawskiej ulicy wymagało językowej pieczołowitości. Bohaterowie posługują się warszawską gwarą, nieobcy im jest żargon przestępczy – potoczna dziewiętnastowieczna polszczyzna, przesycona rusycyzmami, zwrotami zaczerpniętymi z jęz. niemieckiego i jidysz, a także francuszczyzną, to niewątpliwie jeden z największych skarbów podarowanych przez Korczaka potomności.","image":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/5cfa225c-aff4-11ea-a162-441ea14f7ef4/thumbs/1200.webp","inLanguage":"pl","genre":["зарубежная классика","зарубежная старинная литература"],"sameAs":["https://litres.ru/book/yanush-korchak/dzieci-ulicy-55843430/"],"author":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://bookra.app/author/c4796eef-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322#person","name":"Януш Корчак","url":"https://bookra.app/author/c4796eef-2a93-102a-9ac3-800cba805322","sameAs":["https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%88","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152441"]}],"about":[{"@type":"Thing","name":"зарубежная классика"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"зарубежная старинная литература"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"чтение онлайн"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"саммари"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"AI-разбор"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"персонажи"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"цитаты"}],"workExample":{"@type":"Book","@id":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC#edition","url":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC","bookFormat":"https://schema.org/EBook","inLanguage":"pl","sameAs":["https://litres.ru/book/yanush-korchak/dzieci-ulicy-55843430/"],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"potentialAction":{"@type":"ReadAction","name":"Читать бесплатно онлайн «Dzieci ulicy»","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://bookra.app/books/0ZmkazaC","actionPlatform":["https://schema.org/DesktopWebPlatform"]},"expectsAcceptanceOf":{"@type":"Offer","category":"nologinrequired"}}}}],"book":{"idCatalog":762778,"shortId":"0ZmkazaC","title":"Dzieci ulicy","coverUrl":"https://storage.yandexcloud.net/bookra-catalog-pd-public/content/5cfa225c-aff4-11ea-a162-441ea14f7ef4/thumbs/1200.webp","annotationText":"Dzieci ulicy to powieściowy debiut Janusza Korczaka wydrukowany pierwotnie w gazecie (w 17 odcinkach). Książka ukazała się w roku publikacji prasowej (1901 r.). Przez lata nie była wznawiana i nieco zatarła się w pamięci czytelników i historyków literatury. Niedoskonałości warsztatowe powieści, choć jest ich trochę, nie zmieniają faktu, że opisuje w sposób niezwykły kawałek ówczesnej rzeczywistości.Narrator towarzyszy swoim bohaterom – dzieciom warszawskiej ulicy – w ich drodze życiowej. Razem z nimi zagłębia się w zaułki Powiśla, penetruje nadwiślańskie brzegi, kryminalne rewiry Pragi, obserwuje je przy pracy i zabawie, komentuje wybory życiowe lub ściślej mówiąc, brak możliwości ich dokonania. Niemal zawsze los dziecka ulicy jest już wytyczony – głód, bicie, praca ponad siły, alkohol, prostytucja, więzienie – i trudno się z tego błędnego koła wyrwać, zważywszy na społeczną obojętność. Niemniej, niemal przy minimalnym wysiłku nielicznych społeczników (hrabia Zarucki i jego siostra Irena) oraz wsparciu środowiska, niektórym się to udaje (Antek, Mania), inni mimo osobistych przymiotów skazani są na porażkę (Józiek Bzik).Powieść Korczaka jest ciekawa nie tylko ze względów historycznych czy socjologicznych. Wierne przedstawienie realiów warszawskiej ulicy wymagało językowej pieczołowitości. 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[przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:95","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:96","kind":"heading","text":"33"},{"id":"contentnotes0:97","kind":"paragraph","text":"klipa – zabawa dziecięca polegająca na odbijaniu kijkiem rzucanego drewienka. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:98","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:99","kind":"heading","text":"34"},{"id":"contentnotes0:100","kind":"paragraph","text":"suteryna, suterena – część budynku znajdująca się pod parterem. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:101","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:102","kind":"heading","text":"35"},{"id":"contentnotes0:103","kind":"paragraph","text":"dul – papieros. [przypis autorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:104","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:105","kind":"heading","text":"36"},{"id":"contentnotes0:106","kind":"paragraph","text":"ośm (daw.) – osiem. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:107","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:108","kind":"heading","text":"37"},{"id":"contentnotes0:109","kind":"paragraph","text":"Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (1746–1827) – szwajcarski pedagog i reformator edukacji, przedstawiciel romantyzmu, założyciel licznych instytucji edukacyjnych w Szwajcarii i autor licznych dzieł, w których wyłożył swoje przełomowe tezy na temat kształcenia. Za jego zasługę uznaje się niemal całkowitą likwidację analfabetyzmu w Szwajcarii w pierwszej poł. XIX w. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:110","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:111","kind":"heading","text":"38"},{"id":"contentnotes0:112","kind":"paragraph","text":"Frobel, właśc. Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852) – twórca systemu pedagogicznego, podkreślał specyficzne potrzeby dziecka i postulował edukację przedszkolną przez zabawę, śpiew i taniec, opracował też projekty zabawek edukacyjnych. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:113","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:114","kind":"heading","text":"39"},{"id":"contentnotes0:115","kind":"paragraph","text":"Pape-Carpantier, Maria (1815–1878) – fr. działaczka wychowania przedszkolnego, założycielka szkoły dla pracowników ochronek, postulowała grupowanie dzieci według wieku. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:116","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:117","kind":"heading","text":"40"},{"id":"contentnotes0:118","kind":"paragraph","text":"wytyś – złodziej stojący na straży. [przypis autorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:119","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:120","kind":"heading","text":"41"},{"id":"contentnotes0:121","kind":"paragraph","text":"pająk – specjalista od wykradania bielizny ze strychów. [przypis autorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:122","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:123","kind":"heading","text":"42"},{"id":"contentnotes0:124","kind":"paragraph","text":"łysy nie kapuje (gw.) – bezksiężycowa noc. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:125","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:126","kind":"heading","text":"43"},{"id":"contentnotes0:127","kind":"paragraph","text":"skieł – łapacz. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:128","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:129","kind":"heading","text":"44"},{"id":"contentnotes0:130","kind":"paragraph","text":"śledź (gw.) – śledczy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:131","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:132","kind":"heading","text":"45"},{"id":"contentnotes0:133","kind":"paragraph","text":"bury (gw.) – rewirowy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:134","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:135","kind":"heading","text":"46"},{"id":"contentnotes0:136","kind":"paragraph","text":"andrus (daw.) – łobuz. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:137","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:138","kind":"heading","text":"47"},{"id":"contentnotes0:139","kind":"paragraph","text":"szprync (daw.) – figiel. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:140","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:141","kind":"heading","text":"48"},{"id":"contentnotes0:142","kind":"paragraph","text":"szperanda, właśc. speranda – spodziewany zysk. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:143","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:144","kind":"heading","text":"49"},{"id":"contentnotes0:145","kind":"paragraph","text":"Jestem sobie andrusina mały, I wylazłem za szperandą na stare Bednary… – znana w różnych wersjach Piosenka więźniarska [złodziejów]. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:146","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:147","kind":"heading","text":"50"},{"id":"contentnotes0:148","kind":"paragraph","text":"fajgiel (daw. pot.) – rubel. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:149","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:150","kind":"heading","text":"51"},{"id":"contentnotes0:151","kind":"paragraph","text":"Kurjer Warszawski – tytuł gazety codziennej wydawanej w Warszawie od 1821 do 1939 r. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:152","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:153","kind":"heading","text":"52"},{"id":"contentnotes0:154","kind":"paragraph","text":"klak (daw. pot.) – składany cylinder, szapoklak. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:155","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:156","kind":"heading","text":"53"},{"id":"contentnotes0:157","kind":"paragraph","text":"sais tu (fr.) – wiesz? [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:158","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:159","kind":"heading","text":"54"},{"id":"contentnotes0:160","kind":"paragraph","text":"kontredans – taniec towarzyski z figurami. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:161","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:162","kind":"heading","text":"55"},{"id":"contentnotes0:163","kind":"paragraph","text":"Tu es belle, ma petite (fr.) – Jesteś piękna, moja mała. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:164","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:165","kind":"heading","text":"56"},{"id":"contentnotes0:166","kind":"paragraph","text":"Tu las był rzadszy (…) – fragm. IV księgi Pana Tadeusza A. Mickiewicza zatytułowanej Dyplomatyka i łowy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:167","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:168","kind":"heading","text":"57"},{"id":"contentnotes0:169","kind":"paragraph","text":"komisjoner – kupiec, pośrednik sprzedaży. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:170","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:171","kind":"heading","text":"58"},{"id":"contentnotes0:172","kind":"paragraph","text":"retorta – naczynie laboratoryjne o długiej szyjce używane do destylacji. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:173","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:174","kind":"heading","text":"59"},{"id":"contentnotes0:175","kind":"paragraph","text":"szwarcować – przemycać. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:176","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:177","kind":"heading","text":"60"},{"id":"contentnotes0:178","kind":"paragraph","text":"bajaderka (z fr. bayadère) – tancerka. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:179","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:180","kind":"heading","text":"61"},{"id":"contentnotes0:181","kind":"paragraph","text":"wiorsta – ros. miara długości wynosząca 1,0668 km. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:182","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:183","kind":"heading","text":"62"},{"id":"contentnotes0:184","kind":"paragraph","text":"łazienka – łódź kąpielowa. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:185","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:186","kind":"heading","text":"63"},{"id":"contentnotes0:187","kind":"paragraph","text":"krypa – łódź rzeczna o płaskim dnie. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:188","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:189","kind":"heading","text":"64"},{"id":"contentnotes0:190","kind":"paragraph","text":"szampionerka (z fr. champignon: grzyb) – zbieraczka grzybów. W XIX w. szampion mówiono na pieczarkę. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:191","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:192","kind":"heading","text":"65"},{"id":"contentnotes0:193","kind":"paragraph","text":"motia (gw.) – spółka. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:194","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:195","kind":"heading","text":"66"},{"id":"contentnotes0:196","kind":"paragraph","text":"szyfkarta (z niem. Schiffskarte) – bilet okrętowy. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:197","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:198","kind":"heading","text":"67"},{"id":"contentnotes0:199","kind":"paragraph","text":"fanciarz – lichwiarz, pożyczający pieniądze pod zastaw. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:200","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:201","kind":"heading","text":"68"},{"id":"contentnotes0:202","kind":"paragraph","text":"halc – kark. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:203","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:204","kind":"heading","text":"69"},{"id":"contentnotes0:205","kind":"paragraph","text":"sikora – zegarek. [przypis autorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:206","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:207","kind":"heading","text":"70"},{"id":"contentnotes0:208","kind":"paragraph","text":"kolak – węgierski nóż składany. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:209","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:210","kind":"heading","text":"71"},{"id":"contentnotes0:211","kind":"paragraph","text":"Wiktoria, właśc. Aleksandryna Wiktoria (1819–1901) – królowa angielska (1837–1901) i cesarzowa Indii. Okres jej panowania jest nazywany epoką wiktoriańską. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:212","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:213","kind":"heading","text":"72"},{"id":"contentnotes0:214","kind":"paragraph","text":"Pasteur, Ludwik (1822–1895) – fr. uczony, odkrywca mechanizmu procesu fermentacji. Wynalazca pasteryzacji, czyli sposobu oczyszczenia produktu spożywczego z bakterii bez pozbywania się witamin. Badacz chorób zakaźnych. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:215","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:216","kind":"heading","text":"73"},{"id":"contentnotes0:217","kind":"paragraph","text":"wypadkowo – dziś: przypadkowo. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:218","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:219","kind":"heading","text":"74"},{"id":"contentnotes0:220","kind":"paragraph","text":"władnąć (daw.) – dziś popr.: władać. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:221","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:222","kind":"heading","text":"75"},{"id":"contentnotes0:223","kind":"paragraph","text":"podług (daw.) – według. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:224","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:225","kind":"heading","text":"76"},{"id":"contentnotes0:226","kind":"paragraph","text":"kontramarkarnia – szatnia. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:227","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:228","kind":"heading","text":"77"},{"id":"contentnotes0:229","kind":"paragraph","text":"subretka (z fr. soubrette) – aktorka, która grała sprytne pokojówki w komediach i farsach. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:230","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:231","kind":"heading","text":"78"},{"id":"contentnotes0:232","kind":"paragraph","text":"grdyk, grdyń (gw.) – grosz. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:233","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:234","kind":"heading","text":"79"},{"id":"contentnotes0:235","kind":"paragraph","text":"szpas (z niem. Spass: żart) – tu: dziwactwo. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:236","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"},{"id":"contentnotes0:237","kind":"heading","text":"80"},{"id":"contentnotes0:238","kind":"paragraph","text":"ágrafoj nomoj, właśc. agraphoi nomoi (gr. ἄγραφοι νόμοι) – prawa boskie mające wyższość nad ludzkimi. [przypis edytorski]"},{"id":"contentnotes0:239","kind":"paragraph","text":"Do tyłu"}],"toc":[{"id":"content0:0:1","label":"Janusz Korczak Dzieci ulicy","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/0ZmkazaC#reader-content"},{"id":"content0:1:1","label":"I. 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