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Christian Science — обложка книги
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Christian Science

Автор Марк Твен
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Дата написания1970-01-01
Язык книгиen
Возрастное ограничение12+
Жанры
зарубежная классиказарубежная старинная литература

Описание

Книга представляет критический анализ учения Христианской науки, начиная с личного опыта Марка Твена, переходя к исследованию личности и структуры организации Мэри Бейкер Эдди, и завершая собственными аргументами автора о природе исцеления и роли религиозных движений в обществе.

Главный конфликт / проблема

Критика учения Христианской науки и его финансовой модели, а также сомнения в оригинальности и авторстве ключевых текстов

Ключевые идеи

  • Христианская наука отрицает существование боли, болезни и материи, утверждая, что всё – это ум.
  • Учение основано на книге «Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures» и фигуре Мэри Бейкер Эди, которую авторы рассматривают как божественную.
  • Твэн критикует финансовую модель, где последователи платят за книги и услуги, создавая монополию.
  • Твэн сомневается в реальной эффективности «отсутствующего» лечения и подчёркивает отсутствие доказательств.
  • Мэри Бейкер Эдди как основательница и контролер Церкви
  • Сомнения в полном авторстве книги «Science and Health»
  • Строгая структура Церкви и монополия на тексты
  • Инфальбильность и контроль над членами
  • Влияние и критика «Великой Идеи»
  • Исцеление возможно только через духовный принцип, а не через физические методы.
  • Мэри Бейкер Эдди является центральной фигурой и источником авторитета в христианской науке.
  • Критика традиционного христианства за разрыв между личной и публичной моралью.

Вывод

Книга приводит к выводу, что Христианская наука, несмотря на свои духовные претензии, имеет недостатки в учении, практике и структуре, и её влияние может быть ограничено критическим осмыслением

Кому полезна

  • Критики религиозных движений
  • Люди, интересующиеся историей религий
  • Профессионалы в области теологии и религиоведения
  • Потребители духовных практик

Главные темы

  • Критика учения Христианской науки
  • Финансовая иерархия и контроль в Церкви
  • Проблемы авторства и оригинальности ключевых текстов
  • Проблемы с практикой исцеления и духовным мышлением

Персонажи

  • Мэри Бейкер Эдди — Обычная женщина с выдающимися способностями к манипуляции и контролю над учением. Автор книги «Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures» и центральная фигура учения, чьи идеи и практики подвергаются критике и защите в тексте.
  • Марк Твен — Автор, который пережил падение и испытал «отсутствующее» лечение, затем анализирует учение, выражая сомнения в оригинальности учения и обвиняя Эдди в самовосхвале.
  • Доктор Фуллер — Женщина, практикующая христианскую науку, объясняет Твену её принципы.
  • Реверенд Хебер Ньютон — Обсуждает роль исцеления в жизни Иисуса и в ранней церкви.
  • Мистер МакКрекан — Обсуждает вопросы авторства и точности учения.
  • Куимби — Автор упоминает его рукописи как потенциальный источник идей для Эдди.

Цитаты

  • «There is no such thing as pain; there is no such thing as disease; nothing exists but Mind; the mind cannot feel pain, it can only imagine it.»
  • «The trust will be the most insolent and unscrupulous and tyrannical politico‑religious master that has dominated a people since the palmy days of the Inquisition.»
  • Она была свидетельницей, от которой я черпал информацию. Она раскрыла это в своей автобиографии не намеренно, конечно — я не утверждаю это
  • Библия и вышеупомянутая книга [Science and Health], с другими работами того же автора, должны быть его единственными учебниками для торговли — он не может искать вне их
  • "Sell all that thou hast and distribute unto the poor."
  • Она имеет доставку продукта миру, но я уверен, что каждый отдельный элемент работы, кроме того, что она доставила, был создан другим.
  • «The Principle is divine and eternal, but the application of it to heal the sick had been lost sight of, and required to be again spiritually discerned and its science discovered, that man might retain it through the understanding.»
  • «Christian Science eschews divine rights in human beings.»

Сводка по автору из Wikidata

1835–1910. Mark Twain. американский писатель, журналист и общественный деятель (1835–1910)

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"A cat has no opinion; opinions proceed from mind only; the lower animals, being eternally perishable, have not been granted mind; without mind, opinion is impossible."

"She merely imagined she felt a pain—the cat?"

"She cannot imagine a pain, for imagining is an effect of mind; without mind, there is no imagination. A cat has no imagination."

"Then she had a real pain?"

"I have already told you there is no such thing as real pain."

"It is strange and interesting. I do wonder what was the matter with the cat. Because, there being no such thing as a real pain, and she not being able to imagine an imaginary one, it would seem that God in His pity has compensated the cat with some kind of a mysterious emotion usable when her tail is trodden on which, for the moment, joins cat and Christian in one common brotherhood of—"

She broke in with an irritated—

"Peace! The cat feels nothing, the Christian feels nothing. Your empty and foolish imaginings are profanation and blasphemy, and can do you an injury. It is wiser and better and holier to recognize and confess that there is no such thing as disease or pain or death."

"I am full of imaginary tortures," I said, "but I do not think I could be any more uncomfortable if they were real ones. What must I do to get rid of them?"

"There is no occasion to get rid of them since they do not exist. They are illusions propagated by matter, and matter has no existence; there is no such thing as matter."

"It sounds right and clear, but yet it seems in a degree elusive; it seems to slip through, just when you think you are getting a grip on it."

"Explain."

"Well, for instance: if there is no such thing as matter, how can matter propagate things?"

In her compassion she almost smiled. She would have smiled if there were any such thing as a smile.

"It is quite simple," she said; "the fundamental propositions of Christian Science explain it, and they are summarized in the four following self-evident propositions: 1. God is All in all. 2. God is good. Good is Mind 3. God, Spirit, being all, nothing is matter 4. Life, God, omnipotent Good, deny death, evil, sin, disease.

"There—now you see."

It seemed nebulous; it did not seem to say anything about the difficulty in hand—how non-existent matter can propagate illusions I said, with some hesitancy:

"Does—does it explain?"

"Doesn't it? Even if read backward it will do it."

With a budding hope, I asked her to do it backwards.

"Very well. Disease sin evil death deny Good omnipotent God life matter is nothing all being Spirit God Mind is Good good is God all in All is God. There do you understand now?

"It—it—well, it is plainer than it was before; still—"

"Well?"

"Could you try it some more ways?"

"As many as you like; it always means the same. Interchanged in any way you please it cannot be made to mean anything different from what it means when put in any other way. Because it is perfect. You can jumble it all up, and it makes no difference: it always comes out the way it was before. It was a marvelous mind that produced it. As a mental tour de force it is without a mate, it defies alike the simple, the concrete, and the occult."

"It seems to be a corker."

I blushed for the word, but it was out before I could stop it.

"A what?"

"A—wonderful structure—combination, so to speak, of profound thoughts—unthinkable ones—um—"

"It is true. Read backward, or forward, or perpendicularly, or at any given angle, these four propositions will always be found to agree in statement and proof."

"Ah—proof. Now we are coming at it. The statements agree; they agree with—with—anyway, they agree; I noticed that; but what is it they prove I mean, in particular?"

"Why, nothing could be clearer. They prove:

"1. GOD—Principle, Life, Truth, Love, Soul, Spirit, Mind. Do you get that?"

"I—well, I seem to. Go on, please."

"2. MAN—God's universal idea, individual, perfect, eternal. Is it clear?"

"It—I think so. Continue."

"3. IDEA—An image in Mind; the immediate object of understanding. There it is—the whole sublime Arcana of Christian Science in a nutshell. Do you find a weak place in it anywhere?"

"Well—no; it seems strong."

"Very well There is more. Those three constitute the Scientific Definition of Immortal Mind. Next, we have the Scientific Definition of Mortal Mind. Thus. FIRST DEGREE: Depravity I. Physical-Passions and appetites, fear, depraved will, pride, envy, deceit, hatred, revenge, sin, disease, death."

"Phantasms, madam—unrealities, as I understand it."

"Every one. SECOND DEGREE: Evil Disappearing. I. Moral-Honesty, affection, compassion, hope, faith, meekness, temperance. Is it clear?"

"Crystal."

"THIRD DEGREE: Spiritual Salvation. I. Spiritual-Faith, wisdom, power, purity, understanding, health, love. You see how searchingly and co-ordinately interdependent and anthropomorphous it all is. In this Third Degree, as we know by the revelations of Christian Science, mortal mind disappears."

"Not earlier?"

"No, not until the teaching and preparation for the Third Degree are completed."

"It is not until then that one is enabled to take hold of Christian Science effectively, and with the right sense of sympathy and kinship, as I understand you. That is to say, it could not succeed during the processes of the Second Degree, because there would still be remains of mind left; and therefore—but I interrupted you. You were about to further explain the good results proceeding from the erosions and disintegrations effected by the Third Degree. It is very interesting; go on, please."

"Yes, as I was saying, in this Third Degree mortal mind disappears. Science so reverses the evidence before the corporeal human senses as to make this scriptural testimony true in our hearts, 'the last shall be first and the first shall be last,' that God and His idea may be to us—what divinity really is, and must of necessity be all-inclusive."

"It is beautiful. And with what exhaustive exactness your choice and arrangement of words confirm and establish what you have claimed for the powers and functions of the Third Degree. The Second could probably produce only temporary absence of mind; it is reserved to the Third to make it permanent. A sentence framed under the auspices of the Second could have a kind of meaning—a sort of deceptive semblance of it—whereas it is only under the magic of the Third that that defect would disappear. Also, without doubt, it is the Third Degree that contributes another remarkable specialty to Christian Science—viz., ease and flow and lavishness of words, and rhythm and swing and smoothness. There must be a special reason for this?"

"Yes—God—all, all—God, good God, non-Matter, Matteration, Spirit, Bones, Truth."

"That explains it."

"There is nothing in Christian Science that is not explicable; for God is one, Time is one, Individuality is one, and may be one of a series, one of many, as an individual man, individual horse; whereas God is one, not one of a series, but one alone and without an equal."

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