Об Исиде и Осирисе

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Дочь Геба или Тота, связана с хранением священных сосудов, участвует в мифических событиях с Гором и Тотом.","Осирис — Царь, умерший от рук Set, после чего восстанавливается и возносится. Его рождение, царствование, убийство Set, разрезание тела, последующее возрождение и вознесение описаны в ритуалах погребения и поиске частей тела.","Set — Убивает Осириса, разрезает его тело, но впоследствии становится объектом жертв и символом разрушения. В египетской традиции не является воплощением зла, а богом мрака, бури и пустыни.","Гор — Участвует в конфликте с Тотом и Сетом, обезглавливает мать. В мифах участвует в конфликте с Тотом.","Тот — Вмешивается в конфликт Гор‑Сет, приделывает Исиде коровью голову. Родственная связь с Исидой, хранитель священных сосудов.","Менерос — Умер безвременно, упоминается как часть исторического контекста."]},{"key":"quotes","title":"Цитаты","body":["Божество блаженно не золотом и серебром и сильно не громами и молниями, но способностью постигать и знанием.","Исида — греческое имя, так же как имя Тифона, который, будучи врагом Исиды, беснуется в своем невежестве и лживости.","Плутарх ошибается: Исида — египетское имя, Тифон — греческое божество, отождествленное с Сетом.","Здесь под священным словом (логосом), очевидно, подразумевается Осирис."]}],"authorSummary":{"key":"authorSummary","title":"Сводка по автору из Wikidata","body":"0040–0120. 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ИСИДА и ОСИРИС"},{"id":"id4206:0","kind":"heading","text":"Предуведомление"},{"id":"id4206:1","kind":"paragraph","text":"Биография знаменитейшего из биографов столь часто приводилась в многочисленных изданиях его \"Сравнительных жизнеописаний\", что решительно нет никакого смысла подробно излагать ее еще раз. Вкратце же она такова: родился Плутарх в середине 40-х годов I века н. э. в городке Херонее, в Беотии, где и прожил большую часть своей жизни (\"…я живу в маленьком городе, и чтобы он не сделался еще меньше, охотно в нем остаюсь\"). Учился в Афинах у платоника (академика) Аммония, несколько раз бывал в Риме (впервые — при имераторе Веспасиане), имел некоторое влияние при дворе (есть известие, что император Траян требовал от наместников Ахайи, чтобы те в управлении провинцией руководствовались указаниями Плутарха)."},{"id":"id4206:2","kind":"paragraph","text":"В своем родном городе Плутарх избирался смотрителем проектов и архонтом, был также избран гражданином Афин. Большую же часть своего времени (за исключением литературной деятельности) уделял воспитанию сыновей и молодежи. Последние годы жизни Плутарх прожил в Дельфах, состоя жрецом в храме Аполлона (именно там и были написаны трактаты, представленные в данном издании). Умер приблизительно в 120 г. (последний раз упоминается в хронике Евсевия в 119 г. как глубокий старик)."},{"id":"id4206:3","kind":"paragraph","text":"Как Галлия делилась на четыре части, так и все богатейшее литературное наследие Плутарха (согласно Ламприеву каталогу — порядка трехсот книг, около двух третей которых — утрачено) — на две: \"Сравнительные жизнеописания\" и \"Моралии\". Принцип разделения, предложенный горячим поклонником и систематизатором Плутарха, византийским монахом Максимом Планудом (1260–1310 гг.), крайне прост: все, что не подходило под \"Сравнительные жизнеописания\", включалось в \"Моралии\". Таким образом \"Моралии\" — механическое соединение более восьмидесяти больших и малых работ, посвященных самым различным вопросам (любопытно как отнесся бы к этому эклектик Плутарх?!). Чисто философские (впрочем, понятие \"чисто\" вряд-ли применимо к славному предтече энциклопедистов — Плутарх никогда не мог, да и не хотел удерживать себя в рамках какой-либо одной выбранной темы и, в конце-концов, моралист и бытописатель брали в нем верх) работы, за редким исключением, до нас не дошли, но если судить по сохранившимся названиям, были по преимуществу посвящены комментированию и трактованию отдельных мест из Платона. Плутарх вообще искренне считал себя академиком, но был им скорее \"платонически\", ибо трудно себе представить, чтобы он, любящий отец и примерный семьянин, певец ратных подвигов, \"гражданских\" добродетелей и \"мудрых\" пиров действительно воспринимал наш чувственный мир лишь как жалкий образ и подобие эйдетических красот, а тело — только как \"темницу души\". Читая блестящего Платона, мы не можем не услышать \"холодный смех бессмертных\", чего никак нельзя сказать о \"платонике\" Плутархе, мыслителе пускай и поверхностном и вторичном, но очень добром и человечном, а потому и одном из обаятельнейших писателей, причем не только древности."},{"id":"id4206:4","kind":"paragraph","text":"Включенные в данный сборник работы можно отнести (с некоторой натяжкой) к теолого-философским. По ним прекрасно видно, как Плутарх изо всех сил старается, и как не может оставаться тем, кем он так хотел быть: ортодоксальным академиком. Впрочем, выводы пусть делает читатель."},{"id":"id4206:5","kind":"paragraph","text":"Несколько слов о переводчиках: \"Пир семи мудрецов\" переведен М. Л. Гаспаровым (которому мы чрезвычайно благодарны и без чьего любезного согласия это издание вообще никогда бы не вышло в свет), \"О том, что пифия более не прорицает стихами\" — Л. А. Фрейберг. Остальные переводы осуществлены под общей редакцией М. Л. Гаспарова и Л. А. Фрейберг: \"Об Исиде и Осирисе\" — Н. Н. Трухиной (ред А. Ч. Козаржевского), \"Об \"Е\" в Дельфах\" — Н. Б. Клячко, \"Почему божество медлит с воздаянием\" — Л. А. Ельницким."},{"id":"id4206:6","kind":"paragraph","text":"В приложениях приведены знаменитый трактат неоплатоника Порфирия \"О пещере нимф\" (пер. В. Б. Черниговского), который как по духу, так и по методу аллегорического толкования мифов во многом продолжает изыскания Плутарха, и работа кн. С. Н. Трубецкого \"Философия Плутарха\" — глава из его книги \"Учение о Логосе в его истории\"."}],"toc":[{"id":"id4208:0:1","label":"Annotation","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9#reader-content"},{"id":"id4207:0:1","label":"Плутарх ИСИДА и ОСИРИС","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9#reader-content"},{"id":"id4206:0:1","label":"Предуведомление","page":1,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9#reader-content"},{"id":"id4205:0:2","label":"Об Исиде и Осирисе","page":2,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=2#reader-content"},{"id":"id4205:131:18","label":"notes","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4204:0:18","label":"Примечания","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4203:0:18","label":"1","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4202:0:18","label":"2","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4201:0:18","label":"3","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4200:0:18","label":"4","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4199:0:18","label":"5","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4198:0:18","label":"6","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4197:0:18","label":"7","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4196:0:18","label":"8","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4195:0:18","label":"9","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4194:0:18","label":"10","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4193:0:18","label":"11","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4192:0:18","label":"12","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4191:0:18","label":"13","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4190:0:18","label":"14","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4189:0:18","label":"15","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4188:0:18","label":"16","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4187:0:18","label":"17","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4186:0:18","label":"18","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4185:0:18","label":"19","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4184:0:18","label":"20","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4183:0:18","label":"21","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4182:0:18","label":"22","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4181:0:18","label":"23","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4180:0:18","label":"24","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4179:0:18","label":"25","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4178:0:18","label":"26","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4177:0:18","label":"27","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4176:0:18","label":"28","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4175:0:18","label":"29","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4174:0:18","label":"30","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4173:0:18","label":"31","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4172:0:18","label":"32","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4171:0:18","label":"33","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4170:0:18","label":"34","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4169:0:18","label":"35","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4168:0:18","label":"36","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4167:0:18","label":"37","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4166:0:18","label":"38","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4165:0:18","label":"39","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4164:0:18","label":"40","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4163:0:18","label":"41","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4162:0:18","label":"42","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4161:0:18","label":"43","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4160:0:18","label":"44","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4159:0:18","label":"45","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4158:0:18","label":"46","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4157:0:18","label":"47","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4156:0:18","label":"48","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4155:0:18","label":"49","page":18,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=18#reader-content"},{"id":"id4154:0:19","label":"50","page":19,"pageUrl":"/books/2bP1IgX9?page=19#read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